Related papers: A particle can carry more than one bit of informat…
It is widely believed that one signal can carry maximum one bit of information, and minimum KTlog2 energy is required to transmit or to erase a bit. Here it is shown four bits of information can be transmitted by one signal in four…
The quantum information transfer between a single photon and a two-level atom is considered as a part of a quantum channel. The channel is a degradable channel even when there are decays of the atomic excited state and the single photon…
Non-classical features of quantum systems have the potential to strengthen the way we currently exchange information. In this paper, we explore this enhancement on the most basic level of single particles. To be more precise, we compare how…
A conception of virtual quantum information bit - virtual qubit - is introduced. It is shown by means of virtual qubit representation that four states of a single quantum particle is enough for implementation of full set of the gates, which…
How much information can a transmitted physical system fundamentally communicate? We introduce the principle of quantum information causality, which states the maximum amount of quantum information that a quantum system can communicate as a…
Quantum information refers to the distinctive information-processing properties of quantum systems, which arise when information is stored in or retrieved from nonorthogonal quantum states. More information is required to prepare an…
We prove the difference between the minimal entanglement costs in quantum state merging under one-way and two-way communication in a one-shot scenario, whereas they have been known to coincide asymptotically. While the minimal entanglement…
Conventional wisdom suggests that within a fixed preparation-measurement setup, a qubit system offers no advantage over a bit. This indeed holds true when considering the standard communication and the famous Holevo bound then formalizes…
Information must take up space, must weigh, and its flux must be limited. Quantum limits on communication and information storage leading to these conclusions are here described. Quantum channel capacity theory is reviewed for both steady…
Quantum gravity, and quantum cosmology, is not yet a complete nor consistent theory. One of the reasons for this is that the identification of the quantum of gravity is still very elusive. Here we show that the quantum of gravity is the…
In this paper, we calculate energy required to copy one bit of useful information in the presence of thermal noise. For this purpose, we consider a quantum system capable of storing one bit of classical information, which is initially in a…
We show that for every qubit of quantum information, there is a well-defined notion of "the amount of energy that carries it", because it is a conserved quantity. This generalizes to larger systems and any conserved quantites: the…
This article considers the question of the teleportation protocol from an engineering perspective. The protocol ideally requires an authority that ensures that the two communicating parties have a perfectly entangled pair of particles…
Quantum information theory is the study of the achievable limits of information processing within quantum mechanics. Many different types of information can be accommodated within quantum mechanics, including classical information, coherent…
In the information interpretation of quantum mechanics, information is the most fundamental, basic entity. Every quantized system is associated with a definite discrete amount of information (cf. Zeilinger). This information content remains…
How many bits of information can a single photon carry? Intuition says "one", but this is incorrect. With an alphabet based on the photon's time of arrival, energy, and polarization, several bits can be encoded. In this introduction to…
If two parties share an unknown quantum state, one can ask how much quantum communication is needed for party A to send her share to party B. Recently, it was found that the number of qubits which should be sent is given by the conditional…
Merely by existing, all physical systems register information. And by evolving dynamically in time, they transform and process that information. The laws of physics determine the amount of information that a physical system can register…
Quantum states of light are the obvious choice for communicating quantum information. To date, encoding information into the polarisation states of single photons has been widely used as these states form an natural closed two state qubit.…
Given an unknown quantum state distributed over two systems, we determine how much quantum communication is needed to transfer the full state to one system. This communication measures the "partial information" one system needs conditioned…