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A partial password is a mode of password-based authentication that is widely used, especially in the financial sector. It is based on a challenge-response protocol, where at each login attempt, a challenge requesting characters from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-01-03 Theodosis Mourouzis , Marcin Wojcik , Nikos Komninos

We present an in-depth analysis on the strength of the almost 10,000 passwords from users of an instant messaging server in Italy. We estimate the strength of those passwords, and compare the effectiveness of state-of-the-art attack methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-07-21 Matteo Dell'Amico , Pietro Michiardi , Yves Roudier

With web applications becoming a preferred method of presenting graphical user interfaces to users, software vulnerabilities affecting web applications are becoming more and more prevalent and devastating. Some of these vulnerabilities,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Michael Flanders

The average user has between 90-130 online accounts, and around $3 \times 10^{11}$ passwords are in use this year. Most people are terrible at remembering "random" passwords, so they reuse or create similar passwords using a combination of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Ruthu Hulikal Rooparaghunath , T. S. Harikrishnan , Debayan Gupta

Cloud services have become an essential infrastructure for enterprises and individuals. Access to these cloud services is typically governed by Identity and Access Management systems, where user authentication often relies on passwords.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Darren Fürst , Andreas Aßmuth

Authentication is a process by which an entity,which could be a person or intended computer,establishes its identity to another entity.In private and public computer networks including the Internet,authentication is commonly done through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-01-11 Maheswara Rao Valluri

We introduce GOTCHAs (Generating panOptic Turing Tests to Tell Computers and Humans Apart) as a way of preventing automated offline dictionary attacks against user selected passwords. A GOTCHA is a randomized puzzle generation protocol,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-10-07 Jeremiah Blocki , Manuel Blum , Anupam Datta

Generative AI technologies, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), are rapidly being adopted across industry, academia, and government sectors, owing to their remarkable capabilities in natural language processing. However, despite…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Vivek Vaidya , Aditya Patwardhan , Ashish Kundu

As network security issues continue gaining prominence, password security has become crucial in safeguarding personal information and network systems. This study first introduces various methods for system password cracking, outlines…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jiazhi Mo , Hailu Kuang , Xiaoqi Li

Multipath routing is the use of multiple potential paths through a network in order to enhance fault tolerance, optimize bandwidth use, and improve security. Selecting data flow paths based on cost addresses performance issues but ignores…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-11-18 James Obert , Huiping Cao

Authentication systems are designed to give the right person access to an organization's information system and to restrict it from the wrong person. Such systems are designed by IT professionals to protect an organization's assets (e.g.,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-09-04 Christopher S. Pilson , James C. McElroy

Managing passwords securely and conveniently is still an open problem for many users. Existing research has examined users' password management strategies and identified pain points, such as security concerns, leading to insecure practices.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Alexander Ponticello , Filipo Sharevski , Simon Anell , Katharina Krombholz

Formal verification has recently been increasingly used to prove the correctness and security of many applications. It is attractive because it can prove the absence of errors with the same certainty as mathematicians proving theorems.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Carolina Carreira , João F. Ferreira , Alexandra Mendes , Nicolas Christin

Researchers have extensively explored how password creation policies influence the security and usability of user-chosen passwords, producing evidence-based policy guidelines. However, for web authentication to improve in practice, websites…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Suood Alroomi , Frank Li

Cybersecurity incidents such as data breaches have become increasingly common, affecting millions of users and organizations worldwide. The complexity of cybersecurity threats challenges the effectiveness of existing security communication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Carolina Carreira , Alexandra Mendes , João F. Ferreira , Nicolas Christin

Risk-based authentication (RBA) aims to protect users against attacks involving stolen passwords. RBA monitors features during login, and requests re-authentication when feature values widely differ from previously observed ones. It is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Stephan Wiefling , Paul René Jørgensen , Sigurd Thunem , Luigi Lo Iacono

Most of the security services in the connected world of cyber-physical systems necessitate authenticating a large number of nodes privately. In this paper, the private authentication problem is considered which consists of a certificate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Narges Kazempour , Mahtab Mirmohseni , Mohammad Reza Aref

The rapid development of information and network technologies motivates the emergence of various new computing paradigms, such as distributed computing, and edge computing. This also enables more and more network enterprises to provide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Jinyong Chen , Reiner Dojen , Anca Jurcut

Modern trend sees a lot usage of \textit{honeywords} (or fake password) for protecting the original passwords in the password file. However, the usage of \textit{honeywords} has strongly been criticized under the different security and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-08-07 Nilesh Chakraborty , Shreya Singh , Samrat Mondal

Computer users are generally authenticated by means of a password. Unfortunately passwords are often forgotten and replacement is expensive and inconvenient. Some people write their passwords down but these records can easily be lost or…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2014-08-12 Tony McBryan , Karen Renaud , J. Paul Siebert