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The article studies edge coverage for control flow graphs extended with explicit constraints. Achieving a given level of white-box coverage for a given code is a classic problem in software testing. We focus on designing test sets that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jakub Ruszil , Artur Polański , Adam Roman , Jakub Zelek

Despite the recent progress of automated program verification techniques, fully automated verification of programs manipulating recursive data structures remains a challenge. We introduce solvable tuple patterns (STPs) and conjunctive STPs…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Naoki Kobayashi , Ryosuke Sato , Ayumi Shinohara , Ryo Yoshinaka

We show that the satisfiability and finite satisfiability problems for the two-variable fragment of first-order logic with counting quantifiers are both in NEXPTIME, even when counting quantifiers are coded succinctly.

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Ian Pratt-Hartmann

We address the problem of verifying the satisfiability of Constrained Horn Clauses (CHCs) based on theories of inductively defined data structures, such as lists and trees. We propose a transformation technique whose objective is the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Emanuele De Angelis , Fabio Fioravanti , Alberto Pettorossi , Maurizio Proietti

We consider the model-checking problem for freeze LTL on one-counter automata (OCA). Freeze LTL extends LTL with the freeze quantifier, which allows one to store different counter values of a run in registers so that they can be compared…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Benedikt Bollig , Karin Quaas , Arnaud Sangnier

Programs that manipulate tree-shaped data structures often require complex, specialized proofs that are difficult to generalize and automate. This paper introduces a unified, foundational approach to verifying such programs. Central to our…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Marco Faella , Gennaro Parlato

We investigate unification problems related to the Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode of encryption. We first model chaining in terms of a simple, convergent, rewrite system over a signature with two disjoint sorts: list and element. By…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Siva Anantharaman , Christopher Bouchard , Paliath Narendran , Michaël Rusinowitch

The monadic shallow linear Horn fragment is well-known to be decidable and has many application, e.g., in security protocol analysis, tree automata, or abstraction refinement. It was a long standing open problem how to extend the fragment…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-05-25 Andreas Teucke , Christoph Weidenbach

This paper presents a verification framework based on a new class of predicate Constraint Satisfaction Problems called pCSP where constraints are represented as clauses modulo first-order theories over function variables and predicate…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Hiroshi Unno , Yuki Satake , Tachio Terauchi , Eric Koskinen

The Promise Constraint Satisfaction Problem (PCSP for short) is a generalization of the well-studied Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). The PCSP has its roots in such classic problems as the Approximate Graph Coloring and the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Arash Beikmohammadi , Andrei A. Bulatov

It is well-known that the verification of partial correctness properties of imperative programs can be reduced to the satisfiability problem for constrained Horn clauses (CHCs). However, state-of-the-art solvers for CHCs (CHC solvers) based…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Emanuele De Angelis , Fabio Fioravanti , Alberto Pettorossi , Maurizio Proietti

For any particular class of graphs, algorithms for computational problems restricted to the class often rely on structural properties that depend on the specific problem at hand. This begs the question if a large set of such results can be…

We study techniques for deciding the computational complexity of infinite-domain constraint satisfaction problems. For certain fundamental algebraic structures Delta, we prove definability dichotomy theorems of the following form: for every…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-06-03 Manuel Bodirsky , Peter Jonsson , Timo von Oertzen

With the advent of quantum cloud computing, the security of delegated quantum computation has become of utmost importance. While multiple statistically secure blind verification schemes in the prepare-and-send model have been proposed, none…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-16 Theodoros Kapourniotis , Dominik Leichtle , Luka Music , Harold Ollivier

The no-cloning principle of quantum mechanics enables us to achieve amazing unclonable cryptographic primitives, which is impossible in classical cryptography. However, the security definitions for unclonable cryptography are tricky.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-21 Fuyuki Kitagawa , Ryo Nishimaki

In a column-restricted covering integer program (CCIP), all the non-zero entries of any column of the constraint matrix are equal. Such programs capture capacitated versions of covering problems. In this paper, we study the approximability…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-05-18 Deeparnab Chakrabarty , Elyot Grant , Jochen Koenemann

Homomorphic encryption aims at allowing computations on encrypted data without decryption other than that of the final result. This could provide an elegant solution to the issue of privacy preservation in data-based applications, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Diego Chialva , Ann Dooms

We prove a complexity dichotomy theorem for a class of Holant problems on planar 3-regular bipartite graphs. The complexity dichotomy states that for every weighted constraint function $f$ defining the problem (the weights can even be…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Jin-Yi Cai , Austen Z. Fan

Constrained Horn Clauses (CHCs) are an intermediate program representation that can be generated by several verification tools, and that can be processed and solved by a number of Horn solvers. One of the main challenges when using CHCs in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Zafer Esen , Philipp Rümmer

The fixed-template constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) can be seen as the problem of deciding whether a given primitive positive first-order sentence is true in a fixed structure (also called model). We study a class of problems that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Kristina Asimi , Libor Barto , Silvia Butti