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Large language models (LLMs) call for extension of context to handle many critical applications. However, the existing approaches are prone to expensive costs and inferior quality of context extension. In this work, we propose Extensible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Ninglu Shao , Shitao Xiao , Zheng Liu , Peitian Zhang

Sentence embedding methods offer a powerful approach for working with short textual constructs or sequences of words. By representing sentences as dense numerical vectors, many natural language processing (NLP) applications have improved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Yuan An , Alexander Kalinowski , Jane Greenberg

Safety mechanisms for large language models (LLMs) remain predominantly English-centric, creating systematic vulnerabilities in multilingual deployment. Prior work shows that translating malicious prompts into other languages can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Shirin Alanova , Bogdan Minko , Sabrina Sadiekh , Evgeniy Kokuykin

We have seen remarkable success in representation learning and language models (LMs) using deep neural networks. Many studies aim to build the underlying connections among different modalities via the alignment and mappings at the token or…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Daniel Chin , Gus Xia

Word embeddings are now ubiquitous forms of word representation in natural language processing. There have been applications of word embeddings for monolingual word sense disambiguation (WSD) in English, but few comparisons have been done.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-11 Hong Jin Kang , Tao Chen , Muthu Kumar Chandrasekaran , Min-Yen Kan

The open-vocabulary image segmentation task involves partitioning images into semantically meaningful segments and classifying them with flexible text-defined categories. The recent vision-based foundation models such as the Segment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xiaoqi Wang , Wenbin He , Xiwei Xuan , Clint Sebastian , Jorge Piazentin Ono , Xin Li , Sima Behpour , Thang Doan , Liang Gou , Han Wei Shen , Liu Ren

This research explores the integration of language embeddings for active learning in autonomous driving datasets, with a focus on novelty detection. Novelty arises from unexpected scenarios that autonomous vehicles struggle to navigate,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Ross Greer , Mohan Trivedi

Understanding the locus of semantic representation in large language models (LLMs) is crucial for interpretability and architectural innovation. The dominant paradigm posits that trainable input embeddings serve as foundational "meaning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 A. Bochkov

We study expression learning problems with syntactic restrictions and introduce the class of finite-aspect checkable languages to characterize symbolic languages that admit decidable learning. The semantics of such languages can be defined…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Paul Krogmeier , P. Madhusudan

Effectively training language models on long inputs poses many technical challenges. As a cost consideration, languages models are pretrained on a fixed sequence length before being adapted to longer sequences. We explore various methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Petros Karypis , Julian McAuley , George Karypis

There are enormous amount of examples of Computation in nature, exemplified across multiple species in biology. One crucial aim for these computations across all life forms their ability to learn and thereby increase the chance of their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-12-30 Nabarun Mondal , Partha P. Ghosh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been adopted and deployed worldwide for a broad variety of applications. However, ensuring their safe use remains a significant challenge. Preference training and safety measures often overfit to harms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Aakanksha , Arash Ahmadian , Seraphina Goldfarb-Tarrant , Beyza Ermis , Marzieh Fadaee , Sara Hooker

The main purpose of this article is to describe the taxonomy of computer languages according to the levels of abstraction. There exists so many computer languages because of so many reasons like the evolution of better computer languages…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2013-11-15 Dr. Brijender Kahanwal

Existing approaches to mapping-based cross-lingual word embeddings are based on the assumption that the source and target embedding spaces are structurally similar. The structures of embedding spaces largely depend on the co-occurrence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Ryokan Ri , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

To avoid the "meaning conflation deficiency" of word embeddings, a number of models have aimed to embed individual word senses. These methods at one time performed well on tasks such as word sense induction (WSI), but they have since been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Alan Ansell , Felipe Bravo-Marquez , Bernhard Pfahringer

Self-modulating mechanisms introduce dynamic adaptation capabilities within language models through contextual realignment strategies that influence token embedding trajectories across extended sequences. Contextual Flux is explored as an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Henry Evidail , Zachary Mountebank , Alistair Hathersage , Peter Stanhope , Basil Ravenscroft , Tobias Waddingham

Contextual word embeddings obtained from pre-trained language model (PLM) have proven effective for various natural language processing tasks at the word level. However, interpreting the hidden aspects within embeddings, such as syntax and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Nayoung Choi

Free monads (and their variants) have become a popular general-purpose tool for representing the semantics of effectful programs in proof assistants. These data structures support the compositional definition of semantics parameterized by…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Yao Li , Stephanie Weirich

Text embeddings from large language models (LLMs) have achieved excellent results in tasks such as information retrieval, semantic textual similarity, etc. In this work, we show an interesting finding: when feeding a text into the LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Zhijie Nie , Richong Zhang , Zhanyu Wu

What makes a universal sentence encoder universal? The notion of a generic encoder of text appears to be at odds with the inherent contextualization and non-permanence of language use in a dynamic world. However, mapping sentences into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Jamie Kiros