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We investigate straight-line drawings of topological graphs that consist of a planar graph plus one edge, also called almost-planar graphs. We present a characterization of such graphs that admit a straight-line drawing. The…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Peter Eades , Seok-Hee Hong , Giuseppe Liotta , Naoki Katoh , Sheung-Hung Poon

A graph is reducible if it is the lexicographic product of two smaller non-trivial graphs. It is well-known a 1-planar graph with $n ~(\ge3)$ vertices has at most $4n-8$ edges, and a graph $G$ with $n$ vertices is optimal if $G$ has exactly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-20 Licheng Zhang , Yuanqiu Huang

The Planar Graph Metric Compression Problem is to compactly encode the distances among $k$ nodes in a planar graph of size $n$. Two na\"ive solutions are to store the graph using $O(n)$ bits, or to explicitly store the distance matrix with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Amir Abboud , Pawel Gawrychowski , Shay Mozes , Oren Weimann

In this paper we discuss face numbers of generalised triangulations of manifolds in arbitrary dimensions. This is motivated by the study of triangulations of simply connected $4$-manifolds: We observe that, for a triangulation $\mathcal{T}$…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-01-23 Jonathan Spreer , Lucy Tobin

A drawing of a graph is greedy if for each ordered pair of vertices u and v, there is a path from u to v such that the Euclidean distance to v decreases monotonically at every vertex of the path. The existence of greedy drawings has been…

A thrackle is a drawing of a graph on a surface such that (i) adjacent edges only intersect at their common vertex; and (ii) nonadjacent edges intersect at exactly one point, at which they cross. Conway conjectured that if a graph with $n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-16 César Hernández-Vélez , Jan Kynčl , Gelasio Salazar

It is well-known that the cross covariogram of two convex bodies in n dimensions is 1/n-concave on its support. This paper provides conditions for strict 1/n-concavity in dimension n>1, and an analysis of how it can fail. Among the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-08-07 Gabriele Bianchi , Almut Burchard , Lawrence Lin

We show that any $3$-connected cubic plane graph on $n$ vertices, with all faces of size at most $6$, can be made bipartite by deleting no more than $\sqrt{(p+3t)n/5}$ edges, where $p$ and $t$ are the numbers of pentagonal and triangular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-24 Diego Nicodemos , Matěj Stehlík

The edge-length ratio of a straight-line drawing of a graph is the ratio between the lengths of the longest and of the shortest edge in the drawing. The planar edge-length ratio of a planar graph is the minimum edge-length ratio of any…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Manuel Borrazzo , Fabrizio Frati

We consider drawings of graphs in the plane in which edges are represented by polygonal paths with at most one bend and the number of different slopes used by all segments of these paths is small. We prove that…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-09-29 Kolja Knauer , Bartosz Walczak

Given a finite point set P in general position in the plane, a full triangulation is a maximal straight-line embedded plane graph on P. A partial triangulation is a full triangulation of some subset P' of P containing all extreme points in…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Uli Wagner , Emo Welzl

We study whether a given graph can be realized as an adjacency graph of the polygonal cells of a polyhedral surface in $\mathbb{R}^3$. We show that every graph is realizable as a polyhedral surface with arbitrary polygonal cells, and that…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Elena Arseneva , Linda Kleist , Boris Klemz , Maarten Löffler , André Schulz , Birgit Vogtenhuber , Alexander Wolff

Treewidth is an important structural graph parameter that quantifies how closely a graph resembles a tree-like structure. It has applications in many algorithmic and combinatorial problems. In this paper, we study the treewidth of outer…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Rafał Pyzik

A convex polygon is defined as a sequence (V_0,...,V_{n-1}) of points on a plane such that the union of the edges [V_0,V_1],..., [V_{n-2},V_{n-1}], [V_{n-1},V_0] coincides with the boundary of the convex hull of the set of vertices…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Iosif Pinelis

The inverse degree of a graph is the sum of the reciprocals of the degrees of its vertices. We prove that in any connected planar graph, the diameter is at most 5/2 times the inverse degree, and that this ratio is tight. To develop a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-06-15 Radoslav Fulek , Filip Morić , David Pritchard

A graph is near-planar if it can be obtained from a planar graph by adding an edge. We show the surprising fact that it is NP-hard to compute the crossing number of near-planar graphs. A graph is 1-planar if it has a drawing where every…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2012-03-28 Sergio Cabello , Bojan Mohar

In this paper, we give upper and lower bounds on the number of Steiner points required to construct a strictly convex quadrilateral mesh for a planar point set. In particular, we show that $3{\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor}$ internal Steiner…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2007-05-23 David Bremner , Ferran Hurtado , Suneeta Ramaswami , Vera Sacristan

Let $\mathcal{P}$ be a set of $n=2m+1$ points in the plane in general position. We define the graph $GM_\mathcal{P}$ whose vertex set is the set of all plane matchings on $\mathcal{P}$ with exactly $m$ edges. Two vertices in…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Oswin Aichholzer , Anna Brötzner , Daniel Perz , Patrick Schnider

We show that every 1-planar graph with minimum degree at least 4 has girth at most $8$, and every 1-planar graph with minimum degree at least 3 has girth at most $198$.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-01-17 François Dross

A graph is 1-planar if it can be drawn on the plane so that each edge is crossed by at most one other edge. In this note we give examples of class two 1-planar graphs with maximum degree six or seven.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-04-26 Xin Zhang