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We consider a generalization of finding a homomorphism from an input digraph $G$ to a fixed digraph $H$, HOM($H$). In this setting, we are given an input digraph $G$ together with a list function from $G$ to $2^H$. The goal is to find a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Jeff Kinne , Ashwin Murali , Arash Rafiey

The graph homomorphism problem (HOM) asks whether the vertices of a given $n$-vertex graph $G$ can be mapped to the vertices of a given $h$-vertex graph $H$ such that each edge of $G$ is mapped to an edge of $H$. The problem generalizes the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-02-20 Fedor V. Fomin , Alexander Golovnev , Alexander S. Kulikov , Ivan Mihajlin

We completely classify the computational complexity of the list H-colouring problem for graphs (with possible loops) in combinatorial and algebraic terms: for every graph H the problem is either NP-complete, NL-complete, L-complete or is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-02-03 Laszlo Egri , Andrei Krokhin , Benoit Larose , Pascal Tesson

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) allows an untrusted party to evaluate arithmetic cir- cuits, i.e., perform additions and multiplications on encrypted data, without having the decryp- tion key. One of the most efficient class of FHE…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Hao Chen

Subgraph Isomorphism is a very basic graph problem, where given two graphs $G$ and $H$ one is to check whether $G$ is a subgraph of $H$. Despite its simple definition, the Subgraph Isomorphism problem turns out to be very broad, as it…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-04-14 Marek Cygan , Jakub Pachocki , Arkadiusz Socała

In the minimum cost submodular cover problem (MinSMC), we are given a monotone nondecreasing submodular function $f\colon 2^V \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}^+$, a linear cost function $c: V\rightarrow \mathbb R^{+}$, and an integer $k\leq f(V)$,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Yingli Ran , Zhao Zhang , Shaojie Tang

In the problem of minimum connected dominating set with routing cost constraint, we are given a graph $G=(V,E)$, and the goal is to find the smallest connected dominating set $D$ of $G$ such that, for any two non-adjacent vertices $u$ and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Tung-Wei Kuo

The goal of this work is to give precise bounds on the counting complexity of a family of generalized coloring problems (list homomorphisms) on bounded-treewidth graphs. Given graphs $G$, $H$, and lists $L(v)\subseteq V(H)$ for every $v\in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Jacob Focke , Dániel Marx , Paweł Rzążewski

Trigraph list homomorphism problems (also known as list matrix partition problems) have generated recent interest, partly because there are concrete problems that are not known to be polynomial time solvable or NP-complete. Thus while…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-09-03 Tomás Feder , Pavol Hell , David G. Schell , Juraj Stacho

The complexity of graph homomorphisms has been a subject of intense study [11, 12, 4, 42, 21, 17, 6, 20]. The partition function $Z_{\mathbf A}(\cdot)$ of graph homomorphism is defined by a symmetric matrix $\mathbf A$ over $\mathbb C$. We…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Jin-Yi Cai , Artem Govorov

We show that the existence of a homomorphism from an $n$-vertex graph $G$ to an $h$-vertex graph $H$ can be decided in time $2^{O(n)}h^{O(1)}$ and polynomial space if $H$ comes from a family of graphs that excludes a topological minor. The…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Clément Carbonnel

A graph $G$ contains a graph $H$ as a pivot-minor if $H$ can be obtained from $G$ by applying a sequence of vertex deletions and edge pivots. Pivot-minors play an important role in the study of rank-width. Pivot-minors have mainly been…

A set cover of a hypergraph $H$ is a set of vertices intersecting every hyperedge. In the minimum sum set cover problem, vertices are selected one by one; each edge pays the position of the first vertex that hits it, and the objective is to…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zhongyi Zhang , Yixin Cao

In this paper, we investigate Hamiltonian path problem in the context of split graphs, and produce a dichotomy result on the complexity of the problem. Our main result is a deep investigation of the structure of $K_{1,4}$-free split graphs…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-11-28 P. Renjith , N. Sadagopan

The task of computing homomorphisms between two finite relational structures $\mathcal{A}$ and $\mathcal{B}$ is a well-studied question with numerous applications. Since the set $\operatorname{Hom}(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{B})$ of all…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Christoph Berkholz , Harry Vinall-Smeeth

The Hamiltonian cycle problem (HCP) in digraphs D with degree bound two is solved by two mappings in this paper. The first bijection is between an incidence matrix C_{nm} of simple digraph and an incidence matrix F of balanced bipartite…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Guohun Zhu

We study the complexity of counting (weighted) planar graph homomorphism problem $\tt{Pl\text{-}GH}(M)$ parametrized by an arbitrary symmetric non-negative real valued matrix $M$. For matrices with pairwise distinct diagonal values, we…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jin-Yi Cai , Ashwin Maran , Ben Young

In recent years many algorithms have been developed for finding patterns in graphs and networks. A disadvantage of these algorithms is that they use subgraph isomorphism to determine the support of a graph pattern; subgraph isomorphism is a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Anton Dries , Siegfried Nijssen

We introduce graph motif parameters, a class of graph parameters that depend only on the frequencies of constant-size induced subgraphs. Classical works by Lov\'asz show that many interesting quantities have this form, including, for fixed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-05-05 Radu Curticapean , Holger Dell , Dániel Marx

We consider homomorphisms of signed graphs from a computational perspective. In particular, we study the list homomorphism problem seeking a homomorphism of an input signed graph $(G,\sigma)$, equipped with lists $L(v) \subseteq V(H), v \in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-30 Jan Bok , Richard Brewster , Tomás Feder , Pavol Hell , Nikola Jedličková