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Sorting is a foundational problem in computer science that is typically employed on sequences or total orders. More recently, a more general form of sorting on partially ordered sets (or posets), where some pairs of elements are…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Jishnu Roychoudhury , Jatin Yadav

We formulate the entropy of a quantized artificial neural network as a differentiable function that can be plugged as a regularization term into the cost function minimized by gradient descent. Our formulation scales efficiently beyond the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Enzo Tartaglione , Stéphane Lathuilière , Attilio Fiandrotti , Marco Cagnazzo , Marco Grangetto

In-place associative integer sorting technique was proposed for integer lists which requires only constant amount of additional memory replacing bucket sort, distribution counting sort and address calculation sort family of algorithms.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-09-24 A. Emre Cetin

We consider the problem of sorting $n$ elements subject to persistent random comparison errors. In this problem, each comparison between two elements can be wrong with some fixed (small) probability $p$, and comparing the same pair of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Barbara Geissmann , Stefano Leucci , Chih-Hung Liu , Paolo Penna

We build boolean circuits of size $O(nm^2)$ and depth $O(\log(n) + m \log(m))$ for sorting $n$ integers each of $m$-bits. We build also circuits that sort $n$ integers each of $m$-bits according to their first $k$ bits that are of size…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Michal Koucký , Karel Král

This paper introduces a new comparison base stable sorting algorithm, named RS sort. RS Sort involves only the comparison of pair of elements in an array which ultimately sorts the array and does not involve the comparison of each element…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-07-23 Harsh Ranjan , Sumit Agarwal , Niraj Kumar Singh

The \emph{generalized sorting problem} is a restricted version of standard comparison sorting where we wish to sort $n$ elements but only a subset of pairs are allowed to be compared. Formally, there is some known graph $G = (V, E)$ on the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-16 William Kuszmaul , Shyam Narayanan

Given a sequence of $n$ numbers and $k$ parallel First-in-First-Out (FIFO) queues, how close can one bring the sequence to sorted order? It is known that $k$ queues suffice to sort the sequence if the Longest Decreasing Subsequence (LDS) of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Andreas Karrenbauer , Kurt Mehlhorn , Pranabendu Misra , Paolo Luigi Rinaldi , Anna Twelsiek , Alireza Haqi , Siavash Rahimi Shateranloo

Sorting is one of the fundamental problems in computer science. Playing a role in many processes, it has a lower complexity bound imposed by $\mathcal{O}(n\log{n})$ when executing on a sequential machine. This limit can be brought down to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Daniel Bascones , Borja Morcillo

Rank/Select dictionaries are data structures for an ordered set $S \subset \{0,1,...,n-1\}$ to compute $\rank(x,S)$ (the number of elements in $S$ which are no greater than $x$), and $\select(i,S)$ (the $i$-th smallest element in $S$),…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Daisuke Okanohara , Kunihiko Sadakane

Consider the problem: we are given $n$ boxes, labeled $\{1,2,\ldots, n\}$ by an adversary, each containing a single number chosen from an unknown distribution; these $n$ distributions are not necessarily identical. We are also given an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Mohammad Taghi Hajiaghayi , Dariusz R. Kowalski , Piotr Krysta , Jan Olkowski

To minimize data movement, state-of-the-art parallel sorting algorithms use techniques based on sampling and histogramming to partition keys prior to redistribution. Sampling enables partitioning to be done using a representative subset of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Vipul Harsh , Laxmikant Kale , Edgar Solomonik

Sorting is one of the most used and well investigated algorithmic problem [1]. Traditional postulation supposes the sorting data archived, and the elementary operation as comparisons of two numbers. In a view of appearance of new processors…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-07-22 Hakob Aslanyan

In the first place, a novel, yet straightforward in-place integer value-sorting algorithm is presented. It sorts in linear time using constant amount of additional memory for storing counters and indices beside the input array. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-07-11 A. Emre Cetin

We present a sorting algorithm for the case of recurrent random comparison errors. The algorithm essentially achieves simultaneously good properties of previous algorithms for sorting $n$ distinct elements in this model. In particular, it…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-09-22 Barbara Geissmann , Stefano Leucci , Chih-Hung Liu , Paolo Penna

Sorting and hashing are two completely different concepts in computer science, and appear mutually exclusive to one another. Hashing is a search method using the data as a key to map to the location within memory, and is used for rapid…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 William F. Gilreath

In a totally ordered set the notion of sorting a finite sequence is defined through a suitable permutation of the sequence's indices. In this paper we prove a simple formula that explicitly describes how the elements of a sequence are…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-06-03 Jens Gerlach

Given a sequence composed of a limit number of characters, we try to "read" it as a "text". This involves to segment the sequence into "words". The difficulty is to distinguish good segmentation from enormous number of random ones.Aiming at…

Biological Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Bin Wang

There is a growing body of work on sorting and selection in models other than the unit-cost comparison model. This work is the first treatment of a natural stochastic variant of the problem where the cost of comparing two elements is a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-10-02 Stanislav Angelov , Keshav Kunal , Andrew McGregor

This paper studies the average complexity on the number of comparisons for sorting algorithms. Its information-theoretic lower bound is $n \lg n - 1.4427n + O(\log n)$. For many efficient algorithms, the first $n\lg n$ term is easy to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-05-03 Kazuo Iwama , Junichi Teruyama