Related papers: Human being is a living random number generator
New understandings of the functioning of human brains engaged in mathematics raise interesting questions for mathematics educators. Novel lines of research are suggested by neuroscientific findings, and new light is shed on some…
The seemingly "imagination" and "creativity" from machine-generated contents should not be misattributed to the accomplishment of machine. They are accomplishments of both human and machine. Without human interpretation, the…
Making sense of the world and acting in it relies on building simplified mental representations that abstract away aspects of reality. This principle of cognitive mapping is universal to agents with limited resources. Living organisms,…
The Turing machine, as it was presented by Turing himself, models the calculations done by a person. This means that we can compute whatever any Turing machine can compute, and therefore we are Turing complete. The question addressed here…
Randomly generated programs are popular for testing compilers and program analysis tools, with hundreds of bugs in real-world C compilers found by random testing. However, existing random program generators may generate large amounts of…
Quantum theory allows for randomness generation in a device-independent setting, where no detailed description of the experimental device is required. Here we derive a general upper bound on the amount of randomness that can be generated in…
Many Random Number Generators (RNG) are available nowadays; they are divided in two categories, hardware RNG, that provide "true" random numbers, and algorithmic RNG, that generate pseudo random numbers (PRNG). Both types usually generate…
Randomness is intrinsic to quantum mechanics; the outcome of a measurement on a quantum state is a random variable. This feature has been applied to randomness certification, where one party must decide whether the data they receive is…
Traditional cognitive science rests on a foundation of classical logic and probability theory. This foundation has been seriously challenged by several findings in experimental psychology on human decision making. Meanwhile, the formalism…
Suspicions that the world might be some sort of a machine or algorithm existing ``in the mind'' of some symbolic number cruncher have lingered from antiquity. Although popular at times, the most radical forms of this idea never reached…
The underlying physiological mechanisms of generating conscious states are still unknown. To make progress on the problem of consciousness, we will need to experimentally design a system that evolves in a similar way our brains do. Recent…
Merely by existing, all physical systems register information. And by evolving dynamically in time, they transform and process that information. The laws of physics determine the amount of information that a physical system can register…
We all are fascinated by the phenomena of intelligent behavior, as generated both by our own brains and by the brains of other animals. As physicists we would like to understand if there are some general principles that govern the structure…
Defeasible reasoning is the mode of reasoning where conclusions can be overturned by taking into account new evidence. A commonly used method in cognitive science and logic literature is to handcraft argumentation supporting inference…
Random numbers are central to cryptography and various other tasks. The intrinsic probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics has allowed us to construct a large number of quantum random number generators (QRNGs) that are distinct from the…
This article is a brief personal account of the past, present, and future of algorithmic randomness, emphasizing its role in inductive inference and artificial intelligence. It is written for a general audience interested in science and…
Random numbers are an important resource for applications such as numerical simulation and secure communication. However, it is difficult to certify whether a physical random number generator is truly unpredictable. Here, we exploit the…
In this work we present a model for computation of random processes in digital computers which solves the problem of periodic sequences and hidden errors produced by correlations. We show that systems with non-invertible non-linearities can…
As is known, AGI (Artificial General Intelligence), unlike AI, should operate with meanings. And that's what distinguishes it from AI. Any successful AI implementations (playing chess, unmanned driving, face recognition etc.) do not operate…
Human reasoning can distill principles from observed patterns and generalize them to explain and solve novel problems. The most powerful artificial intelligence systems lack explainability and symbolic reasoning ability, and have therefore…