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Math is constructed by people for people: just as natural language corpora reflect not just propositions but the communicative goals of language users, the math data that models are trained on reflects not just idealized mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Sasha Boguraev , Ben Lipkin , Leonie Weissweiler , Kyle Mahowald

High quality random numbers are necessary in the modern world. Ranging from encryption keys in cyber security to models and simulations for scientific use: it's important that these random numbers are of high quality and quickly attainable.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Dmitriy Beznosko , Keith Driscoll , Fernando Guadarrama , Steven Mai , Nikolas Thornton

"A generator is a parser of randomness." This perspective on generators for random data structures is well established as folklore in the programming languages community, but it has apparently never been formalized, nor have its…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Harrison Goldstein , Benjamin C. Pierce

Humans spend a significant part of their lives being a part of groups. In this document we propose research directions that would make it possible to computationally form productive groups. We bring to light several issues that need to be…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Nripsuta Saxena

We have presented a multivariate polynomial function termed as factor elimination function,by which, we can generate prime numbers. This function's mapping behavior can explain the irregularities in the occurrence of prime numbers on the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2014-11-14 Vineet Kumar

This paper is a comment on the paper "Quantum Mechanics and Algorithmic Randomness" was written by Ulvi Yurtsever \cite{Yurtsever} and the briefly explanation of the algorithmic randomness of quantum measurements results. There are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-07 Mohammad Shahbazi

A plausible definition of "reasoning" could be "algebraically manipulating previously acquired knowledge in order to answer a new question". This definition covers first-order logical inference or probabilistic inference. It also includes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-02-14 Leon Bottou

The idea that the brain is a probabilistic (Bayesian) inference machine, continuously trying to figure out the hidden causes of its inputs, has become very influential in cognitive (neuro)science over recent decades. Here I present a…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-15 Eelke Spaak

Planning is useful. It lets people take actions that have desirable long-term consequences. But, planning is hard. It requires thinking about consequences, which consumes limited computational and cognitive resources. Thus, people should…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Mark K. Ho , David Abel , Jonathan D. Cohen , Michael L. Littman , Thomas L. Griffiths

A long sequence of tosses of a classical coin produces an apparently random bit string, but classical randomness is an illusion: the algorithmic information content of a classically-generated bit string lies almost entirely in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ulvi Yurtsever

We describe a high-speed physical random number generator based on a hybrid Boolean network with autonomous and clocked logic gates, realized on a reconfigurable chip. The autonomous logic gates are arranged in a bidirectional ring topology…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2013-04-30 David P. Rosin , Damien Rontani , Daniel J. Gauthier

We describe an approximate rational arithmetic with round-off errors (both absolute and relative) controlled by the user. The rounding procedure is based on the continued fraction expansion of real numbers. Results of computer experiments…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Grigori Litvinov , Anatoli Rodionov , Andrei Chourkin

Large Language Models are useless for linguistics, as they are probabilistic models that require a vast amount of data to analyse externalized strings of words. In contrast, human language is underpinned by a mind-internal computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Johan J. Bolhuis , Andrea Moro , Stephen Crain , Sandiway Fong

This paper questions the generally accepted assumption that one can make a random choice that is independent of the rest of the universe. We give a general description of any setup that could be conceived to generate random numbers. Based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-31 Hitoshi Inamori

Knowledge is the most precious asset of humankind. People extract the experience from the data that provide for us the reality through the feelings. Generally speaking, it is possible to see the analogy of knowledge elaboration between…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Viacheslav Dubeyko

It seems surprising that when applying widely used random number generators to generate one million random numbers on modern architectures, one obtains, on average, about 116 collisions. This article explains why, how to mathematically…

Computation · Statistics 2020-06-11 Marius Hofert

We propose a new approach to nondeterministic random number generation. In theory, the randomness originated from the uncorrelated nature of consecutive laser pulses with Poissonian photon number distribution and that of the consecutive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Wei Wei , Hong Guo

Neurons are individually translated into simple gates to plan a brain based on human psychology and intelligence. State machines, assumed previously learned in subconscious associative memory are shown to enable equation solving and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-10-05 John Robert Burger

The entropy or randomness source is an essential ingredient in random number generation. Quantum random number generators generally require well modeled and calibrated light sources, such as a laser, to generate randomness. With…

Random number generators (RNG) are essential elements in many cryptographic systems. True random number generators (TRNG) rely upon sources of randomness from natural processes such as those arising from quantum mechanics phenomena. We…