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Vizing's theorem states that every simple undirected graph can be edge-colored using fewer than $\Delta + 1$ colors, where $\Delta$ is the graph's maximum degree. The original proof was given through a polynomial-time algorithmic procedure…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Arohee Bhoja

The coloring problem is studied in the paper for graph classes defined by two small forbidden induced subgraphs. We prove some sufficient conditions for effective solvability of the problem in such classes. As their corollary we determine…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-07-02 Dmitriy Malyshev

We say that a vertex or edge colouring of a graph is distinguishing if the only automorphism that preserves this colouring is the identity. A (proper) distinguishing colouring is irreducible if there is no possibility of merging two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-18 Marcin Stawiski

For any fixed surface Sigma of genus g, we give an algorithm to decide whether a graph G of girth at least five embedded in Sigma is colorable from an assignment of lists of size three in time O(|V(G)|). Furthermore, we can allow a subgraph…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-10-30 Zdenek Dvorak , Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi

Vizing's theorem states that any $n$-vertex $m$-edge graph of maximum degree $\Delta$ can be edge colored using at most $\Delta + 1$ different colors [Vizing, 1964]. Vizing's original proof is algorithmic and shows that such an edge…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Sepehr Assadi , Soheil Behnezhad , Sayan Bhattacharya , Martín Costa , Shay Solomon , Tianyi Zhang

We consider the problem of finding all allowed edges in a bipartite graph $G=(V,E)$, i.e., all edges that are included in some maximum matching. We show that given any maximum matching in the graph, it is possible to perform this…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-07-26 Tamir Tassa

We present a polynomial-time algorithm that determines whether a graph that contains no induced path on six vertices and no bull (the graph with vertices a, b, c, d, e and edges ab, bc, cd, be, ce) is 4-colorable. We also show that for any…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-25 Frédéric Maffray , Lucas Pastor

Coloring the arcs of biregular graphs was introduced with possible applications to industrial chemistry, molecular biology, cellular neuroscience, etc. Here, we deal with arc coloring in some non-bipartite graphs. In fact, for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-27 Italo J. Dejter

We develop an algorithmic framework for graph colouring that reduces the problem to verifying a local probabilistic property of the independent sets. With this we give, for any fixed $k\ge 3$ and $\varepsilon>0$, a randomised…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Ewan Davies , Ross J. Kang , François Pirot , Jean-Sébastien Sereni

We consider the problem of existence of perfect $2$-colorings (equitable $2$-partitions) of Hamming graphs with given parameters. We start with conditions on parameters of graphs and colorings that are necessary for their existence. Next we…

A celebrated result of Johansson in graph theory states that every triangle-free graph of maximum degree $\Delta$ can be properly colored with $O(\Delta/\ln\Delta)$ colors, improving upon the "greedy bound" of $\Delta+1$ coloring in general…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Sepehr Assadi , Helia Yazdanyar

This paper is concerned with efficiently coloring sparse graphs in the distributed setting with as few colors as possible. According to the celebrated Four Color Theorem, planar graphs can be colored with at most 4 colors, and the proof…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-28 Pierre Aboulker , Marthe Bonamy , Nicolas Bousquet , Louis Esperet

In this paper, we study orthogonal colourings of random geometric graphs. Two colourings of a graph are orthogonal if they have the property that when two vertices receive the same colour in one colouring, then those vertices receive…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-16 Jeannette Janssen , Kyle MacKeigan

A hole is an induced cycle with at least four vertices. A hole is even if its number of vertices is even. Given a set L of graphs, a graph G is L-free if G does not contain any graph in L as an induced subgraph. Currently, the following two…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Angele M. Foley , Dallas J. Fraser , Chinh T. Hoang , Kevin Holmes , Tom P. LaMantia

Let $C \subseteq [r]^m$ be a code such that any two words of $C$ have Hamming distance at least $t$. It is not difficult to see that determining a code $C$ with the maximum number of words is equivalent to finding the largest $n$ such that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-03-17 Patrick Bennett , Andrzej Dudek , Elliot Laforge

The Colouring problem asks whether the vertices of a graph can be coloured with at most $k$ colours for a given integer $k$ in such a way that no two adjacent vertices receive the same colour. A graph is $(H_1,H_2)$-free if it has no…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-12-08 Konrad Dabrowski , Daniel Paulusma

In the Edge Coloring problem, we are given an undirected graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, and are tasked with finding the smallest positive integer $k$ so that the edges of $G$ can be assigned $k$ colors in such a way that no two…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Shyan Akmal , Tomohiro Koana

We introduce a generalization of the well known graph (vertex) coloring problem, which we call the problem of \emph{component coloring of graphs}. Given a graph, the problem is to color the vertices using minimum number of colors so that…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-11-06 Ajit Diwan , Soumitra Pal , Abhiram Ranade

Archdeacon (1987) proved that graphs embeddable on a fixed surface can be $3$-coloured so that each colour class induces a subgraph of bounded maximum degree. Edwards, Kang, Kim, Oum and Seymour (2015) proved that graphs with no…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-15 Patrice Ossona de Mendez , Sang-il Oum , David R. Wood

Lokshtanov, Marx, and Saurabh SODA 2011 proved that there is no $(k-\epsilon)^{\operatorname{pw}(G)}\operatorname{poly}(n)$ time algorithm for deciding if an $n$-vertex graph $G$ with pathwidth $\operatorname{pw}(G)$ admits a proper vertex…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-07-10 Andreas Björklund