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Code cloning, the duplication of code fragments, is common in software development. While some reuse aids productivity, excessive cloning hurts maintainability and introduces bugs. Hence, automatic code clone detection is vital. Meanwhile,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Shihan Dou , Junjie Shan , Haoxiang Jia , Wenhao Deng , Zhiheng Xi , Wei He , Yueming Wu , Tao Gui , Yang Liu , Xuanjing Huang

Constrained codes are used to prevent errors from occurring in various data storage and data transmission systems. They can help in increasing the storage density of magnetic storage devices, in managing the lifetime of electronic storage…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Ahmed Hareedy , Beyza Dabak , Robert Calderbank

The penalty incurred by imposing a finite delay constraint in lossless source coding of a memoryless source is investigated. It is well known that for the so-called block-to-variable and variable-to-variable codes, the redundancy decays at…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Ofer Shayevitz , Eado Meron , Meir Feder , Ram Zamir

Variable-length splittable codes are derived from encoding sequences of ordered integer pairs, where one of the pair's components is upper bounded by some constant, and the other one is any positive integer. Each pair is encoded by the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-08-07 Anatoly V. Anisimov , Igor O. Zavadskyi

Huffman coding finds a prefix code that minimizes mean codeword length for a given probability distribution over a finite number of items. Campbell generalized the Huffman problem to a family of problems in which the goal is to minimize not…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-16 Michael B. Baer

Source code is usually formatted with elements like indentation and newlines to improve readability for human developers. However, these visual aids do not seem to be beneficial for large language models (LLMs) in the same way since the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Dangfeng Pan , Zhensu Sun , Cenyuan Zhang , David Lo , Xiaoning Du

The explosion in the volumes of data being stored online has resulted in distributed storage systems transitioning to erasure coding based schemes. Yet, the codes being deployed in practice are fairly short. In this work, we address what we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-22 Parikshit Gopalan , Guangda Hu , Swastik Kopparty , Shubhangi Saraf , Carol Wang , Sergey Yekhanin

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various software engineering tasks, such as code generation and debugging, because of their ability to translate between programming languages and natural languages.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Wenqing Zhu , Norihiro Yoshida , Eunjong Choi , Yutaka Matsubara , Hiroaki Takada

In this paper we consider the problem of encoding data into \textit{repeat-free} sequences in which sequences are imposed to contain any $k$-tuple at most once (for predefined $k$). First, the capacity of the repeat-free constraint are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Ohad Elishco , Ryan Gabrys , Eitan Yaakobi , Muriel Médard

Natural language text corpora are often available as sets of syntactically parsed trees. A wide range of expressive tree queries are possible over such parsed trees that open a new avenue in searching over natural language text. They not…

Databases · Computer Science 2012-08-02 Pirooz Chubak , Davood Rafiei

Many modern multiclass and multilabel problems are characterized by increasingly large output spaces. For these problems, label embeddings have been shown to be a useful primitive that can improve computational and statistical efficiency.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-07-07 Paul Mineiro , Nikos Karampatziakis

Variable-length compression without prefix-free constraints and with side-information available at both encoder and decoder is considered. Instead of requiring the code to be error-free, we allow for it to have a non-vanishing error…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Yuta Sakai , Vincent Y. F. Tan

We give a generic divide-and-conquer approach for constructing collusion-resistant probabilistic dynamic traitor tracing schemes with larger alphabets from schemes with smaller alphabets. This construction offers a linear tradeoff between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-01-25 Thijs Laarhoven , Jan-Jaap Oosterwijk , Jeroen Doumen

The problem of securing a network coding communication system against an eavesdropper adversary is considered. The network implements linear network coding to deliver n packets from source to each receiver, and the adversary can eavesdrop…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Danilo Silva , Frank R. Kschischang

As text and code resources have expanded, large-scale pre-trained models have shown promising capabilities in code generation tasks, typically employing supervised fine-tuning with problem statement-program pairs. However, increasing model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Nathanaël Beau , Benoît Crabbé

The variable-length source coding problem allowing the error probability up to some constant is considered for general sources. In this problem the optimum mean codeword length of variable-length codes has already been determined. On the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-19 Ryo Nomura , Hideki Yagi

We consider the problem of efficiently designing sets (codes) of equal-length DNA strings (words) that satisfy certain combinatorial constraints. This problem has numerous motivations including DNA computing and DNA self-assembly. Previous…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ming-Yang Kao , Manan Sanghi , Robert Schweller

Focal loss has recently gained significant popularity, particularly in tasks like object detection where it helps to address class imbalance by focusing more on hard-to-classify examples. This work proposes the focal loss as a distortion…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Alex Dytso , Martina Cardone

Machine learning algorithms are typically run on large scale, distributed compute infrastructure that routinely face a number of unavailabilities such as failures and temporary slowdowns. Adding redundant computations using coding-theoretic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Jack Kosaian , K. V. Rashmi , Shivaram Venkataraman

Guess & Check (GC) codes are systematic binary codes that can correct multiple deletions, with high probability. GC codes have logarithmic redundancy in the length of the message $k$, and the encoding and decoding algorithms of these codes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Serge Kas Hanna , Salim El Rouayheb