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We show NP-completeness for the recognition problem of 2-line-bend graphs.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-10-05 Martin Pergel

We prove that the Eulerian polynomial satisfies certain polynomial congruences. Furthermore, these congruences characterize the Eulerian polynomial.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-03 Kazuki Iijima , Kyouhei Sasaki , Yuuki Takahashi , Masahiko Yoshinaga

Consider an undirected graph $G = (VG, EG)$ and a set of six \emph{terminals} $T = \set{s_1, s_2, s_3, t_1, t_2, t_3} \subseteq VG$. The goal is to find a collection $\calP$ of three edge-disjoint paths $P_1$, $P_2$, and $P_3$, where $P_i$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-17 Maxim Babenko , Ignat Kolesnichenko , Ilya Razenshteyn

We present an improved algorithm for computing the $4$-edge-connected components of an undirected graph in linear time. The new algorithm uses only elementary data structures, and it is simple to describe and to implement in the pointer…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Loukas Georgiadis , Giuseppe F. Italiano , Evangelos Kosinas

Bidirected graphs are multigraphs where every edge has an independent direction at each end. In the paper, with an arbitrary bidirected graph we associate a non-negative integral quadratic form (called the incidence form of the graph), and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-09 Jesús Arturo Jiménez González , Andrzej Mróz

We give two combinatorial proofs of the fact that the number of loopless digraphs on the vertex set $[n]$ with no isolated vertices and with exactly one Eulerian tour up to a cyclic shift is $\frac{1}{2}(n-1)!C_{n}$, where $C_{n}$ denotes…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-06 Luz Grisales , Antoine Labelle , Rodrigo Posada , Stoyan Dimitrov

We prove that an inseparable graph can have any positive number of cycles with the six exceptions 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 16, and that an inseparable cubic graph has the additional exceptions 1 and 13. The exceptions for simple inseparable cubic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-01 Ryan McCulloch , Brendan D. McKay , Alireza Salahshoori , Thomas Zaslavsky

Building on previous work by Cameron et al. in [3], we give a recurrence for computing the number of acyclic orientations of complete $k$-partite graphs, which can be implemented to obtain a dynamic programming algorithm running in time…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-09 Veselin Blagoev

We introduce a new infinite family of regular graphs admitting nested solutions in the edge-isoperimetric problem for all their Cartesian powers. The obtained results include as special cases most of previously known results in this area.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-12 Sergei L. Bezrukov , Pavle Bulatovic , Nikola Kuzmanovski

We give an upper bound on the number of cycles in a simple graph in terms of its degree sequence, and apply this bound to resolve several conjectures of Kir\'aly and Arman and Tsaturian and to improve upper bounds on the maximum number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-30 Zdeněk Dvořák , Natasha Morrison , Jonathan A. Noel , Sergey Norin , Luke Postle

The representation of graph states in the X-basis as well as the calculation of graph state overlaps can efficiently be performed by using the concept of X-Chains [Phys. Rev. A 92(1) 012322]. We present a necessary and sufficient criterion…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-13 Jun-Yi Wu , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

We prove that every class of Eulerian directed graphs of bounded carving width (equivalently of bounded degree and treewidth) is well-quasi-ordered by strong immersion. In fact, we prove a stronger result, namely that every class of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Dario Cavallaro , Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi , Stephan Kreutzer

Let $T_{4p}=\langle a,b\mid a^{2p}=1,a^p=b^2, b^{-1}ab=a^{-1}\rangle$ be the dicyclic group of order $4p$. A Cayley digraph over $T_{4p}$ is called a dicirculant digraph. In this paper, we calculate the number of (connected) dicirculant…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-10 Jing Wang , Ligong Wang , Xiaogang Liu

A unicellular map is the embedding of a connected graph in a surface in such a way that the complement of the graph is a topological disk. In this paper we present a bijective link between unicellular maps on a non-orientable surface and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-04-20 Olivier Bernardi , Guillaume Chapuy

We discuss Neumann problems for self-adjoint Laplacians on (possibly infinite) graphs. Under the assumption that the heat semigroup is ultracontractive we discuss the unique solvability for non-empty subgraphs with respect to the vertex…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-03-26 Michael Hinz , Michael Schwarz

We consider large uniform labeled random graphs in different classes with few induced $P_4$ ($P_4$ is the graph consisting of a single line of $4$ vertices) which generalize the case of cographs. Our main result is the convergence to a…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-25 Théo Lenoir

In this note, we prove that a finite vertex-transitive graph which has a clique which intersects all maximal cliques is a complete graph. This gives a positive answer in the case of vertex-transitive graphs to a question raised by Berge and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-28 Etienne Fieux , Bertrand Jouve

We address the degree-diameter problem for Cayley graphs of Abelian groups (Abelian graphs), both directed and undirected. The problem turns out to be closely related to the problem of finding efficient lattice coverings of Euclidean space…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-09 Randall Dougherty , Vance Faber

For $n\in\nats$ and $3\leq k\leq n$ we compute the exact value of $E_k(n)$, the maximum number of edges of a simple planar graph on $n$ vertices where each vertex bounds an $\ell$-gon where $\ell\geq k$. The lower bound of $E_k(n)$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-25 Geir Agnarsson , Jill Bigley Dunham

The problem of orienting the edges of an undirected graph such that the resulting digraph is acyclic and has a single source s and a single sink t has a long tradition in graph theory and is central to many graph drawing algorithms. Such an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Carla Binucci , Walter Didimo , Maurizio Patrignani