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2010 has witnessed many public consultations around the world concerning Net neutrality. A second legislative phase that may follow, could involve various structural changes in the Internet. The status that the Internet access has in Europe…
Consumers only discover at the first seller which product best fits their needs, then check its price online, then decide on buying. Switching sellers is costly. Equilibrium prices fall in the switching cost, eventually to the monopoly…
Keyword search engines are essential elements of large information spaces. The largest information space is the Web, and keyword search engines play crucial role there. The advent of keyword search engines has provided a quantum leap in the…
With the rapid advancements of large language models (LLMs), information retrieval (IR) systems, such as search engines and recommender systems, have undergone a significant paradigm shift. This evolution, while heralding new opportunities,…
A common phenomena in modern recommendation systems is the use of feedback from one user to infer the `value' of an item to other users. This results in an exploration vs. exploitation trade-off, in which items of possibly low value have to…
Since the era of big data, the Internet has been flooded with all kinds of information. Browsing information through the Internet has become an integral part of people's daily life. Unlike the news data and social data in the Internet, the…
From more than half a century ago indexing scientific articles has been studied intensively to provide a more efficient data retrieval and to conserve researchers invaluable time. In the last two decades with the emergence of the World Wide…
Online platforms have transformed the way in which individuals access and interact with news, with a high degree of trust particularly placed in search engine results. We use web tracked behavioral data across a 2-month period and analyze…
Web archives are a historically valuable source of information. In some respects, web archives are the only record of the evolution of human society in the last two decades. They preserve a mix of personal and collective memories, the…
Ranking is at the core of Information Retrieval. Classic ranking optimization studies often treat ranking as a sorting problem with the assumption that the best performance of ranking would be achieved if we rank items according to their…
Introduction: Before embarking on the design of any computer system it is first necessary to assess the magnitude of the problem. In the case of a web search engine this assessment amounts to determining the current size of the web, the…
Existing commercial search engines often struggle to represent different perspectives of a search query. Argument retrieval systems address this limitation of search engines and provide both positive (PRO) and negative (CON) perspectives…
In recent years, the study of complex networks has received a lot of attention. Real systems have gained importance in scientific publications, despite of an important drawback: the difficulty of retrieving and manage such great quantity of…
The World Wide Web is a popular and interactive medium to distribute information in this scenario. The web is huge, diverse, ever changing, widely disseminated global information service center. We are familiar with terms like e-commerce,…
The number of Internet users had grown rapidly enticing companies and cooperations to make full use of recommendation infrastructures. Consequently, online advertisement companies emerged to aid us in the presence of numerous items and…
The Internet is changing rapidly the way people around the world communicate, learn, and work. Yet the tremendous benefits of the Internet are not shared equally by all. One way to close the gap of the "digital divide" is to ensure Internet…
Censorship of the Internet is widespread around the world. As access to the web becomes increasingly ubiquitous, filtering of this resource becomes more pervasive. Transparency about specific content that citizens are denied access to is…
In Web retrieval, there are many cases of competition between authors of Web documents: their incentive is to have their documents highly ranked for queries of interest. As such, the Web is a prominent example of a competitive search…
Ranked lists are frequently used by information retrieval (IR) systems to present results believed to be relevant to the users information need. Fairness is a relatively new but important aspect of these rankings to measure, joining a rich…
Exposure to ideas in domains outside a scientist's own may benefit her in reformulating existing research problems in novel ways and discovering new application domains for existing solution ideas. While improved performance in scholarly…