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The Promise Constraint Satisfaction Problem (PCSP) is a generalization of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) that includes approximation variants of satisfiability and graph coloring problems. Barto [LICS '19] has shown that a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Kristina Asimi , Libor Barto

We relate the graph isomorphism problem to the solvability of certain systems of linear equations with nonnegative variables. This version replaces the two previous versions of this paper.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-01-10 Shmuel Friedland

Boolean Satisfiability Problem (SAT) is one of the core problems in computer science. As one of the fundamental NP-complete problems, it can be used - by known reductions - to represent instances of variety of hard decision problems.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Michał Karpiński

The constraint satisfaction problem asks to decide if a set of constraints over a relational structure $\mathcal{A}$ is satisfiable (CSP$(\mathcal{A})$). We consider CSP$(\mathcal{A} \cup \mathcal{B})$ where $\mathcal{A}$ is a structure and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Peter Jonsson , Victor Lagerkvist , George Osipov

The Graph Isomorphism (GI) problem is a theoretically interesting problem because it has not been proven to be in P nor to be NP-complete. Babai made a breakthrough in 2015 when announcing a quasipolynomial time algorithm for GI problem.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Duc Hung Pham , Krishna V. Palem , M. V. Panduranga Rao

Graph homomorphism has been studied intensively. Given an m x m symmetric matrix A, the graph homomorphism function is defined as \[Z_A (G) = \sum_{f:V->[m]} \prod_{(u,v)\in E} A_{f(u),f(v)}, \] where G = (V,E) is any undirected graph. The…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-10-10 Jin-Yi Cai , Xi Chen , Pinyan Lu

In a non-uniform Constraint Satisfaction problem CSP(G), where G is a set of relations on a finite set A, the goal is to find an assignment of values to variables subject to constraints imposed on specified sets of variables using the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Andrei A. Bulatov

One of the central problems in the study of parametrized constraint satisfaction problems is the Dichotomy Conjecture by T. Feder and M. Vardi stating that the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) over a fixed, finite constraint language…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-12-12 Dejan Delić

Building on a result of Larose and Tesson for constraint satisfaction problems (CSP s), we uncover a dichotomy for the quantified constraint satisfaction problem QCSP(B), where B is a finite structure that is a core. Specifically, such…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-02-18 Barnaby Martin

We initiate the study of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) in the presence of counting quantifiers, which may be seen as variants of CSPs in the mould of quantified CSPs (QCSPs). We show that a single counting quantifier strictly…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-12-14 Florent Madelaine , Barnaby Martin , Juraj Stacho

The Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) is a well-known example of monotonic reasoning, of intense practical interest due to fast solvers, complemented by rigorous fine-grained complexity results. However, for non-monotonic reasoning,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Victor Lagerkvist , Mohamed Maizia , Johannes Schmidt

The subitemset isomorphism problem is really important and there are excellent practical solutions described in the literature. However, the computational complexity analysis and classification of the BZ (Bundala and Zavodny) subitemset…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-01-20 Martin Marinov , David Gregg

We examine ordered graphs, defined as graphs with linearly ordered vertices, from the perspective of homomorphisms (and colorings) and their complexities. We demonstrate the corresponding computational and parameterized complexities, along…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Michal Čertík , Andreas Emil Feldmann , Jaroslav Nešetřil , Paweł Rzążewski

The group isomorphism problem in computational complexity asks whether two finite groups given by their Cayley tables are isomorphic or not. Although polynomial-time isomorphism tests exist for many specific types of groups, no general…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Saveliy V. Skresanov

In the origins of complexity theory Booth and Lueker showed that the question of whether two graphs are isomorphic or not can be reduced to the special case of chordal graphs. To prove that, they defined a transformation from graphs G to…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2019-02-07 Alexander Engstrom , Laura Jakobsson , Milo Orlich

The poset cover problem seeks a minimum set of partial orders whose linear extensions cover a given set of linear orders. Recognizing its NP-completeness, we devised a non-trivial reduction to the Boolean satisfiability problem using a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Chih-Cheng Rex Yuan , Bow-Yaw Wang

Mermin and Peres showed that there are boolean constraint systems (BCSs) which are not satisfiable, but which are satisfiable with quantum observables. This has led to a burgeoning theory of quantum satisfiability for constraint systems,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-16 Connor Paddock , William Slofstra

Interpreting three-leaf binary trees or {\em rooted triples} as constraints yields an entailment relation, whereby binary trees satisfying some rooted triples must also thus satisfy others, and thence a closure operator, which is known to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Matthew P. Johnson

We study the complexity of valued constraint satisfaction problems (VCSP). A problem from VCSP is characterised by a \emph{constraint language}, a fixed set of cost functions over a finite domain. An instance of the problem is specified by…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-08-25 Vladimir Kolmogorov

We describe simple algebraic and combinatorial characterisations of finite relational core structures admitting finitely many obstructions. As a consequence, we show that it is decidable to determine whether a constraint satisfaction…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Benoit Larose , Cynthia Loten , Claude Tardif