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Using appropriate notation systems for proofs, cut-reduction can often be rendered feasible on these notations, and explicit bounds can be given. Developing a suitable notation system for Bounded Arithmetic, and applying these bounds, all…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-12-11 Klaus Aehlig , Arnold Beckmann

We consider the problem where a set of individuals has to classify $m$ objects into $p$ categories by aggregating the individual classifications, and no category can be left empty. An aggregator satisfies \emph{Expertise} if individuals are…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-02-07 Federico Fioravanti

A generalization of recent group-theoretic matrix multiplication algorithms to an analogue of the theory of partial matrix multiplication is presented. We demonstrate that the added flexibility of this approach can in some cases improve…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-02-17 Richard Strong Bowen , Bo Chen , Hendrik Orem , Martijn van Schaardenburg

In this paper we study the fine-grained complexity of finding exact and approximate solutions to problems in P. Our main contribution is showing reductions from exact to approximate solution for a host of such problems. As one (notable)…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Lijie Chen , Shafi Goldwasser , Kaifeng Lyu , Guy N. Rothblum , Aviad Rubinstein

General acceptance of a mathematical proposition $P$ as a theorem requires convincing evidence that a proof of $P$ exists. But what constitutes "convincing evidence?" I will argue that, given the types of evidence that are currently…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2017-04-11 Jeffrey C. Jackson

Expectation is a central notion in probability theory. The notion of expectation also makes sense for other notions of uncertainty. We introduce a propositional logic for reasoning about expectation, where the semantics depends on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-07-29 Joseph Y. Halpern , Riccardo Pucella

We provide a formal definition for a class of algorithms known as "particle methods". Particle methods are used in scientific computing. They include popular simulation methods, such as Discrete Element Methods (DEM), Molecular Dynamics…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Johannes Bamme , Ivo F. Sbalzarini

I study the class of problems efficiently solvable by a quantum computer, given the ability to "postselect" on the outcomes of measurements. I prove that this class coincides with a classical complexity class called PP, or Probabilistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Scott Aaronson

Conjunctive query (CQ) evaluation is NP-complete, but becomes tractable for fragments of bounded hypertreewidth. Approximating a hard CQ by a query from such a fragment can thus allow for an efficient approximate evaluation. While…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Pablo Barceló , Miguel Romero , Thomas Zeume

An important objective of research in counting complexity is to understand which counting problems are approximable. In this quest, the complexity class TotP, a hard subclass of #P, is of key importance, as it contains self-reducible…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Eleni Bakali , Aggeliki Chalki , Aris Pagourtzis

We study the computational complexity of sequences of projective varieties. We define analogues of the complexity classes P and NP for these and prove the NP-completeness of a sequence called the universal circuit resultant. This is the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-09-12 M. Umut Isik

The generally accepted wisdom in computational circles is that pure proof verification is a solved problem and that the computationally hard elements and fertile areas of study lie in proof discovery. This wisdom presumably does hold for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-03-28 Naveen Sundar Govindarajulu , Selmer Bringsjord

We investigate the complexity of the reachability problem for (deep) neural networks: does it compute valid output given some valid input? It was recently claimed that the problem is NP-complete for general neural networks and conjunctive…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Marco Sälzer , Martin Lange

In this article we show that some recent results on the existence of best proximity points can be obtained from the same result in fixed point theory.

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2013-01-31 Ali Abkar , Moosa Gabeleh

We provide self-contained proof of a theorem relating probabilistic coherence of forecasts to their non-domination by rival forecasts with respect to any proper scoring rule. The theorem appears to be new but is closely related to results…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-15 Joel Predd , Robert Seiringer , Elliott H. Lieb , Daniel Osherson , Vincent Poor , Sanjeev Kulkarni

In recent years the search for a proper formal definition of actual causation -- i.e., the relation of cause-effect as it is instantiated in specific observations, rather than general causal relations -- has taken on impressive proportions.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-03-04 Sander Beckers , Joost Vennekens

Theorem proving is a fundamental aspect of mathematics, spanning from informal reasoning in natural language to rigorous derivations in formal systems. In recent years, the advancement of deep learning, especially the emergence of large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Zhaoyu Li , Jialiang Sun , Logan Murphy , Qidong Su , Zenan Li , Xian Zhang , Kaiyu Yang , Xujie Si

Halpern and Pearl introduced a definition of actual causality; Eiter and Lukasiewicz showed that computing whether X=x is a cause of Y=y is NP-complete in binary models (where all variables can take on only two values) and\…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-12-10 Gadi Aleksandrowicz , Hana Chockler , Joseph Y. Halpern , Alexander Ivrii

We present an approximation notion for NP-hard optimization problems represented by binary functions. We prove that (assuming P != NP) the new notion is strictly stronger than FPTAS, but strictly weaker than having a polynomial-time…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Samuel Bismuth , Erel Segal-Halevi

Uncertainty in Logic Programming has been investigated during the last decades, dealing with various extensions of the classical LP paradigm and different applications. Existing proposals rely on different approaches, such as clause…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-07-22 Mario Rodríguez-Artalejo , Carlos A. Romero-Díaz