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Clone-and-own is a typical code reuse approach because of its simplicity and efficiency. Cloned software components are maintained independently by a new owner. These clone-and-own operations can be occurred sequentially, that is, cloned…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into academic peer review, their vulnerability to adversarial hidden prompts, i.e., adversarial instructions embedded in submissions to manipulate outcomes, poses a critical threat…

Reed-Solomon (RS) codes have been increasingly adopted by distributed storage systems in place of replication,because they provide the same level of availability with much lower storage overhead. However, a key drawback of those RS-coded…

Reproducibility in research remains hindered by complex systems involving data, models, tools, and algorithms. Studies highlight a reproducibility crisis due to a lack of standardized reporting, code and data sharing, and rigorous…

In this paper, we want to study the informative value of negative links in signed complex networks. For this purpose, we extract and analyze a collection of signed networks representing voting sessions of the European Parliament (EP). We…

A distributed storage system (DSS) needs to be efficiently accessible and repairable. Recently, considerable effort has been made towards the latter, while the former is usually not considered, since a trivial solution exists in the form of…

Tor provides low-latency anonymous and uncensored network access against a local or network adversary. Due to the design choice to minimize traffic overhead (and increase the pool of potential users) Tor allows some information about the…

DoS and DDoS attacks are widely used and pose a constant threat. Here we explore Probability Packet Marking (PPM), one of the important methods for reconstructing the attack-graph and detect the attackers. We present two algorithms.…

In asynchronous distributed systems it is very hard to assess if one of the processes taking part in a computation is operating correctly or has failed. To overcome this problem, distributed algorithms are created using unreliable failure…

Transformer-based document cross-encoder rerankers are a central component of modern information retrieval systems. Despite their success, these models suffer from high computational costs due to processing long query-document sequences at…

Networks such as social networks, airplane networks, and citation networks are ubiquitous. The adjacency matrix is often adopted to represent a network, which is usually high dimensional and sparse. However, to apply advanced machine…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining traction as a method to generate consensus statements and aggregate preferences in digital democracy experiments. Yet, LLMs could introduce critical vulnerabilities in these systems. Here, we examine…

We survey the design of elections that are resilient to attempted interference by third parties. For example, suppose votes have been cast in an election between two candidates, and then each vote is randomly changed with a small…

There is a growing need to gain insight into language model capabilities that relate to sensitive topics, such as bioterrorism or cyberwarfare. However, traditional open source benchmarks are not fit for the task, due to the associated…

The robustness principle, written by Jon Postel in an early version of TCP implementation, states that the communicating entities should be liberal while accepting the data. Several entities on the Internet do follow this principle. For…

Cross-site scripting (XSS) poses a significant threat to web application security. While Deep Learning (DL) has shown remarkable success in detecting XSS attacks, it remains vulnerable to adversarial attacks due to the discontinuous nature…

The number of newly published vulnerabilities is constantly increasing. Until now, the information available when a new vulnerability is published is manually assessed by experts using a Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) vector and…

The resilience of a voting system has been a central topic in computational social choice. Many voting rules, like plurality, are shown to be vulnerable as the attacker can target specific voters to manipulate the result. What if a local…

Although ransomware has received broad attention in media and research, this evolving threat vector still poses a systematic threat. Related literature has explored their detection using various approaches leveraging Machine and Deep…

Leader-based consensus algorithms are vulnerable to liveness and performance downgrade attacks. We explore the possibility of replacing leader election in Multi-Paxos with random exponential backoff (REB), a simpler approach that requires…