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Description logics (DLs) are well-known knowledge representation formalisms focused on the representation of terminological knowledge. Due to their first-order semantics, these languages (in their classical form) are not suitable for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Leonard Botha , Thomas Meyer , Rafael Peñaloza

This paper considers KLM-style preferential non-monotonic reasoning in the setting of propositional team semantics. We show that team-based propositional logics naturally give rise to cumulative non-monotonic entailment relations. Motivated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Kai Sauerwald , Juha Kontinen

In his constructive and well-informed commentary, Andrei Khrennikov acknowledges a privileged status of classical probability theory with respect to statistical analysis. He also sees advantages offered by the Contextuality-by-Default…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-14 Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov , Maria Kon

Classical countably additive real-valued probabilities come at a philosophical cost: in many infinite situations, they assign the same probability value -- namely, zero -- to cases that are impossible as well as to cases that are possible.…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-08-29 Alexander R. Pruss

Probabilistic systems are an important theme in AI domain. As the specification language, the logic PCTL is now the default logic for reasoning about probabilistic properties. In this paper, we present a natural and succinct probabilistic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-05-11 Wanwei Liu , Lei Song , Ji Wang , Lijun Zhang

How should we model an observer within quantum mechanics or quantum field theory? How can classical physics emerge from a quantum model, and why should classical probability be useful? How can we model a selective measurement entirely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-09 Brett Parker

The idea of fully accepting statements when the evidence has rendered them probable enough faces a number of difficulties. We leave the interpretation of probability largely open, but attempt to suggest a contextual approach to full belief.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-08 Henry E. Kyburg

This paper investigates logical consequence defined in terms of probability distributions, for a classical propositional language using a standard notion of probability. We examine three distinct probabilistic consequence notions, which we…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-07-04 Paul Égré , Ellie Ripley

In this paper we deal with a new approach to probabilistic reasoning in a logical framework. Nearly almost all logics of probability that have been proposed in the literature are based on classical two-valued logic. After making clear the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Petr Hajek , Lluis Godo , Francesc Esteva

We introduce a notion of the ``explanation" of one (generalized) probabilistic model by another as particular kind of span in the category $\Prob$ of probabilistic models and morphisms. We show that explanations compose under a standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 John Harding , Alex Wilce

A simple way to define the flow rules of plasticity models is the assumption of generalized normality associated with a suitable pseudo-potential function. This approach, however, is not usually employed to formulate endochronic theory and…

Classical Physics · Physics 2008-12-11 Silvano Erlicher , Nelly Point

We study probabilistically informative (weak) versions of transitivity, by using suitable definitions of defaults and negated defaults, in the setting of coherence and imprecise probabilities. We represent p-consistent sequences of defaults…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-16 Angelo Gilio , Niki Pfeifer , Giuseppe Sanfilippo

We provide an interpretation of entanglement based on classical correlations between measurement outcomes of complementary properties: states that have correlations beyond a certain threshold are entangled. The reverse is not true, however.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-26 Lorenzo Maccone , Dagmar Bruss , Chiara Macchiavello

Let L be some extension of classical propositional logic. The non-iterated probabilistic logic over L, is the logic PL that is defined by adding non-nested probabilistic operators in the language of L. For example in PL we can express a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Ioannis Kokkinis

In the modern Bayesian view classical probability theory is simply an extension of conventional logic, i.e., a quantitative tool that allows for consistent reasoning in the presence of uncertainty. Classical theory presupposes, however,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-20 Jochen Rau

This paper introduces Probabilistic Deduction (PD) as an approach to probabilistic structured argumentation. A PD framework is composed of probabilistic rules (p-rules). As rules in classical structured argumentation frameworks, p-rules…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Xiuyi Fan

Probability theory, epistemically interpreted, provides an excellent, if not the best available account of inductive reasoning. This is so because there are general and definite rules for the change of subjective probabilities through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-10 Wolfgang Spohn

By considering a generalisation of the CPM construction, we develop an infinite hierarchy of probabilistic theories, exhibiting compositional decoherence structures which generalise the traditional quantum-to-classical transition.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-14 James Hefford , Stefano Gogioso

This chapter presents probability logic as a rationality framework for human reasoning under uncertainty. Selected formal-normative aspects of probability logic are discussed in the light of experimental evidence. Specifically, probability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Niki Pfeifer

Automated reasoning about uncertain knowledge has many applications. One difficulty when developing such systems is the lack of a completely satisfactory integration of logic and probability. We address this problem directly. Expressive…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-09-13 Marcus Hutter , John W. Lloyd , Kee Siong Ng , William T. B. Uther