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The Internet topology at the Autonomous Systems level (AS graph) has a power--law degree distribution and a tier structure. In this paper, we introduce the Interactive Growth (IG) model based on the joint growth of new nodes and new links.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2008-12-15 Shi Zhou , Raul J. Mondragon

We study the organization and dynamics of growing directed networks. These networks are built by adding nodes successively in such a way that each new node has $K$ directed links to the existing ones. The organization of a growing directed…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-08-31 Baosheng Yuan , Kan Chen , Bing-Hong Wang

Inspired by empirical studies of networked systems such as the Internet, social networks, and biological networks, researchers have in recent years developed a variety of techniques and models to help us understand or predict the behavior…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-24 M. E. J. Newman

The degree distribution is a key statistical indicator in network theory, often used to understand how information spreads across connected nodes. In this paper, we focus on non-growing networks formed through a rewiring algorithm and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-11 Jonathan Franceschi , Lorenzo Pareschi , Mattia Zanella

Models of growing networks are a central topic in network science. In these models, vertices are usually labeled by their arrival time, distinguishing even those node pairs whose structural roles are identical. In contrast, unlabeled…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-09-23 Harrison Hartle , Brennan Klein , Dmitri Krioukov , P. L. Krapivsky

In this paper we investigate networks whose evolution is governed by the interaction of a random assembly process and an optimization process. In the first process, new nodes are added one at a time and form connections to randomly selected…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2011-05-16 Markus Brede

The degree distributions of complex networks are usually considered to be power law. However, it is not the case for a large number of them. We thus propose a new model able to build random growing networks with (almost) any wanted degree…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Thibaud Trolliet , Frédéric Giroire , Stéphane Pérennes

We present analytical results for the emerging structure of networks that evolve via a combination of growth (by node addition and random attachment) and contraction (by random node deletion). To this end we consider a network model in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-10-25 Barak Budnick , Ofer Biham , Eytan Katzav

We present exact results for the degree distribution in a directed network model that grows by node duplication (ND). Such models are useful in the study of the structure and growth dynamics of gene regulatory networks and scientific…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-08-21 Chanania Steinbock , Ofer Biham , Eytan Katzav

We investigate the growth of connectivity in a network. In our model, starting with a set of disjoint nodes, links are added sequentially. Each link connects two nodes, and the connection rate governing this random process is proportional…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-02-16 E. Ben-Naim , P. L. Krapivsky

Efficient networking has a substantial economic and societal impact in a broad range of areas including transportation systems, wired and wireless communications and a range of Internet applications. As transportation and communication…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-30 Chi Ho Yeung , David Saad

How do real graphs evolve over time? What are ``normal'' growth patterns in social, technological, and information networks? Many studies have discovered patterns in static graphs, identifying properties in a single snapshot of a large…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Jure Leskovec , Jon Kleinberg , Christos Faloutsos

Using a steady state process of node duplication and deletion we produce networks with 1/k scale-free degree distributions in the limit of vanishing connectance. This occurs even though there is no growth involved and inherent preferential…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Simon Laird , Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen

We present a theory for the growth dynamics of the World Wide Web that takes into account the wide range of stochastic growth rates in the number of pages per site, as well as the fact that new sites are created at different times. This…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Bernardo A. Huberman , Lada A. Adamic

In this paper, we abstract a kind of stochastic processes from evolving processes of growing networks, this process is called growing network Markov chains. Thus the existence and the formulas of degree distribution are transformed to the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Zhenting Hou , Xiangxing Kong , Dinghua Shi , Guanrong Chen , Qinggui Zhao

We study the growth of random networks under a constraint that the diameter, defined as the average shortest path length between all nodes, remains approximately constant. We show that if the graph maintains the form of its degree…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rajan M. Lukose , Lada A. Adamic

Power law distribution seems to be an important characteristic of web graphs. Several existing web graph models generate power law graphs by adding new vertices and non-uniform edge connectivities to existing graphs. Researchers have…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-03-08 David Eppstein , Joseph Wang

We consider distributed networks, such as peer-to-peer networks, whose structure can be manipulated by adjusting the rules by which vertices enter and leave the network. We focus in particular on degree distributions and show that, with…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-10-18 Gourab Ghoshal , M. E. J. Newman

We consider a stochastic model for directed scale-free networks following power-laws in the degree distributions in both incoming and outgoing directions. In our model, the number of vertices grow geometrically with time with growth rate p.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-08-31 B. Kahng , Y. Park , H. Jeong

In this paper we present a generalized model for network growth that links the microscopical agent strategies with the large scale behavior. This model is intended to reproduce the largest number of features of the Internet network at the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guido Caldarelli , Paolo De Los Rios , Luciano Pietronero