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A Henkin-style proof of completeness of first-order classical logic is given with respect to a very small set (notably missing cut rule) of Genzten deduction rules for intuitionistic sequents. Insisting on sparing on derivation rules,…
The halting problem is undecidable --- but can it be solved for "most" inputs? This natural question was considered in a number of papers, in different settings. We revisit their results and show that most of them can be easily proven in a…
Building on Lin's breakthrough MIP$^{co}$ = coRE and an encoding of non-local games as universal sentences in the language of tracial von Neumann algebras, we show that locally universal tracial von Neumann algebras have undecidable…
We demonstrate that, in itself and in the absence of extra premises, the following argument scheme is fallacious: The sentence A says about itself that it has a certain property F, and A does in fact have the property F; therefore A is…
Solomonoff's inductive learning model is a powerful, universal and highly elegant theory of sequence prediction. Its critical flaw is that it is incomputable and thus cannot be used in practice. It is sometimes suggested that it may still…
We define instantiational and algorithmic completeness for a formal language. We show that, in the presence of Church's Thesis, an alternative interpretation of Goedelian incompleteness is that Peano Arithmetic is instantiationally…
Recent work by Faizal et al. (2025) claims that G\"odelian undecidability of non-algorithmic truths in our universe imply the impossibility of a formal, algorithmic simulation of the universe. This paper clarifies the distinction between…
All known structural extensions of the substructural logic $\mathsf{FL_e}$, Full Lambek calculus with exchange/commutativity, (corresponding to subvarieties of commutative residuated lattices axiomatized by $\{\vee, \cdot, 1\}$-equations)…
We study the possibility of scaling down algorithmic information quantities in tuples of correlated strings. In particular, we address a question raised by Alexander Shen: whether, for any triple of strings $(a, b, c)$, there exists a…
Over 300 sequences and many unsolved problems and conjectures related to them are presented herein together with theorems corollaries, formulae, examples, mathematical criteria, etc. (about integer sequences, numbers, quotients, residues,…
We conclude from Goedel's Theorem VII of his seminal 1931 paper that every recursive function f(x_{1}, x_{2}) is representable in the first-order Peano Arithmetic PA by a formula [F(x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3})] which is algorithmically verifiable,…
We relate the computational complexity of finite strings to universal representations of their underlying symmetries. First, Boolean functions are classified using the universal covering topologies of the circuits which enumerate them. A…
It is a widespread belief that results like G\"odel's incompleteness theorems or the intrinsic randomness of quantum mechanics represent fundamental limitations to humanity's strive for scientific knowledge. As the argument goes, there are…
G\"odel proved in the 1930s in his famous Incompleteness Theorems that not all statements in mathematics can be proven or disproven from the accepted ZFC axioms. A few years later he showed the celebrated result that Cantor's Continuum…
A proof of G\"odel's incompleteness theorem is given. With this new proof a transfinite extension of G\"odel's theorem is considered. It is shown that if one assumes the set theory ZFC on the meta level as well as on the object level, a…
Due to M\"{u}ller's theorem, the Kolmogorov complexity of a string was shown to be equal to its quantum Kolmogorov complexity. Thus there are no benefits to using quantum mechanics to compress classical information. The quantitative amount…
We present the first class of mathematically rigorous, general, fully self-referential, self-improving, optimally efficient problem solvers. Inspired by Kurt Goedel's celebrated self-referential formulas (1931), such a problem solver…
Incomputability results in Formal Logic and the Theory of Computation (i.e., incompleteness and undecidability) have deep implications for the foundations of mathematics and computer science. Likewise, Social Choice Theory, a branch of…
For enumerative problems, i.e. computable functions f from N to Z, we define the notion of an effective (or closed) formula. It is an algorithm computing f(n) in the number of steps that is polynomial in the combined size of the input n and…
We present an extension to the $\mathtt{mathlib}$ library of the Lean theorem prover formalizing the foundations of computability theory. We use primitive recursive functions and partial recursive functions as the main objects of study, and…