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We begin with a study of operations and the effects they measure. We define the probability that an effect $a$ occurs when the system is in a state $\rho$ by $P_\rho (a)= tr(\rho a)$. If $P_\rho (a)\ne 0$ and $\mathcal{I}$ is an operation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-07 Stanley Gudder

The fundamental algebraic concepts of quantum mechanics, as expressed by many authors, are reviewed and translated into the framework of the relatively new non-distributive system of Boolean fractions (also called conditional events or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Philip G. Calabrese

The definition of conditional probability in case of continuous distributions was an important step in the development of mathematical theory of probabilities. How can we define this notion in algorithmic probability theory? In this survey…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-07-15 Bruno Bauwens , Alexander Shen , Hayato Takahashi

The conditional moment problem is a powerful formulation for describing structural causal parameters in terms of observables, a prominent example being instrumental variable regression. A standard approach reduces the problem to a finite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Andrew Bennett , Nathan Kallus

In this paper we extend the predicate logic introduced in [Beauquier et al. 2002] in order to deal with Semi-Markov Processes. We prove that with respect to qualitative probabilistic properties, model checking is decidable for this logic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ruggero Lanotte , Daniele Beauquier

In general relativity, the causal structure between events is dynamical, but it is definite and observer-independent; events are point-like and the membership of an event A in the future or past light-cone of an event B is an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-13 Philippe Allard Guérin , Časlav Brukner

Recent authors have proposed analyzing conditional reasoning through a notion of intervention on a simulation program, and have found a sound and complete axiomatization of the logic of conditionals in this setting. Here we extend this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Duligur Ibeling

The research on conditional planning rejects the assumptions that there is no uncertainty or incompleteness of knowledge with respect to the state and changes of the system the plans operate on. Without these assumptions the sequences of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-05-30 J. Rintanen

When considering the problem of forecasting a continuous-time stochastic process over an entire time-interval in terms of its recent past, the notion of Autoregressive Hilbert space processes (ARH) arises. This model can be seen as a…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-02-15 Jairo Cugliari

From the Bayesian perspective, the category of conditional probabilities (a variant of the Kleisli category of the Giry monad, whose objects are measurable spaces and arrows are Markov kernels) gives a nice framework for conceptualization…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2013-12-06 Jared Culbertson , Kirk Sturtz

In this paper we explore representations of temporal knowledge based upon the formalism of Causal Probabilistic Networks (CPNs). Two different ?continuous-time? representations are proposed. In the first, the CPN includes variables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-08 Carlo Berzuini , Riccardo Bellazzi , Silvana Quaglini

An extension of the conditional expectations (those under a given subalgebra of events and not the simple ones under a single event) from the classical to the quantum case is presented. In the classical case, the conditional expectations…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-01-22 Gerd Niestegge

Considering a minimal number of assumptions and in the context of the timeless formalism, conditional probabilities are derived for subsequent measurements in the non-relativistic regime. Only unitary transformations are considered with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-30 Martino Trassinelli

This paper presents a categorical account of conditional probability, covering both the classical and the quantum case. Classical conditional probabilities are expressed as a certain "triangle-fill-in" condition, connecting marginal and…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2015-11-06 Robert Furber , Bart Jacobs

Conditional probabilities are a core concept in machine learning. For example, optimal prediction of a label $Y$ given an input $X$ corresponds to maximizing the conditional probability of $Y$ given $X$. A common approach to inference tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-09 Yoav Wald , Amir Globerson

Temporal Point Processes (TPP) are probabilistic generative frameworks. They model discrete event sequences localized in continuous time. Generally, real-life events reveal descriptive information, known as marks. Marked TPPs model time and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Govind Waghmare , Ankur Debnath , Siddhartha Asthana , Aakarsh Malhotra

We study a variable length Markov chain model associated with a group of stationary processes that share the same context tree but each process has potentially different conditional probabilities. We propose a new model selection and…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-01-01 Alexandre Belloni , Roberto I. Oliveira

The problem is sequence prediction in the following setting. A sequence $x_1,...,x_n,...$ of discrete-valued observations is generated according to some unknown probabilistic law (measure) $\mu$. After observing each outcome, it is required…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-03-13 Daniil Ryabko

The problem is sequence prediction in the following setting. A sequence $x_1,...,x_n,...$ of discrete-valued observations is generated according to some unknown probabilistic law (measure) $\mu$. After observing each outcome, it is required…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-03-20 Daniil Ryabko

We deepen the study of conjoined and disjoined conditional events in the setting of coherence. These objects, differently from other approaches, are defined in the framework of conditional random quantities. We show that some well known…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-08-25 Angelo Gilio , Giuseppe Sanfilippo