Related papers: Is Patent Law Technology Specific?
The widespread use of foundation models has introduced a new risk factor of copyright issue. This issue is leading to an active, lively and on-going debate amongst the data-science community as well as amongst legal scholars. Where claims…
Defining process standards by integrating, harmonizing, and standardizing heterogeneous and often implicit processes is an important task, especially for large development organizations. However, many challenges exist, such as limiting the…
Patents, which encapsulate crucial technical and legal information in text form and referenced drawings, present a rich domain for natural language processing (NLP) applications. As NLP technologies evolve, large language models (LLMs) have…
In computational science and in computer science, research software is a central asset for research. Computational science is the application of computer science and software engineering principles to solving scientific problems, whereas…
We envision future technologies through science fiction, strategic planning, or academic research. Yet, our expectations do not always match with what actually unfolds, much like navigating a story where some events align with expectations…
AI governance efforts increasingly rely on audit standards: agreed-upon practices for conducting audits. However, poorly designed standards can hide and lend credibility to inadequate systems. We explore how an audit standard's design…
This document explains the basic concepts related to software and hardware licenses, and it summarizes the most popular licenses that are currently used for hardware projects. Two case studies of hardware projects at different levels of…
In this paper we argue that policies are an increasing concern for organizations that are operating a web site. Examples of policies that are relevant in the domain of the web address issues such as privacy of personal data, accessibility…
There is a multitude of licenses out there for a software developer to choose from, but a lot of programmers would prefer to not have to have a legal degree in order to understand them and would rather just have their code out in the public…
The proposed changes to Science Missions Directorate (SMD) Policy Document 41 (SPD-41) include requirements that SMD-funded software should be released using a permissive software license and following best practices from the open source…
We describe a design principle for adaptive systems under which adaptation is driven by particular challenges that the environment poses, as opposed to average or otherwise aggregated measures of performance over many challenges. We trace…
Quantum Technologies is a term that is getting broader with every passing year. Nanotechnology and electronics operate in this realm. With the invention of industry-disrupting algorithms like Shor's algorithm that can break RSA encryption…
We propose a notion of state distinguishability that does not refer to probabilities, but rather to the ability of a set of states to serve as programs for a desired set of gates. Using this notion, we reconstruct the structural features of…
As international competition intensifies in technologies, nations need to identify key technologies to foster innovation. However, the identification is challenging due to the independent and inherently complex nature of technologies.…
Publication and citation patterns can vary significantly between related disciplines or more narrow specialties, even when sharing journals. Journal-based structures are therefore not accurate enough to approximate certain specialties,…
Patents represent one of the most complete sources of information related to technological change. This paper presents three months of research on U.S. patents in the field of patent analysis. The methodology consists of using search terms…
The automotive domain is shifting to software-centric development to meet regulation, market pressure, and feature velocity. This shift increases embedded systems' complexity and strains testing capacity. Despite relevant standards, a…
Usually, it is the software manufacturer who employs verification or testing to ensure that the software embedded in a device meets its main objectives. However, these days we are confronted with the situation that economical or…
We reconstruct the innovation dynamics of about two hundred thousand companies by following their patenting activity for about ten years. We define the technological portfolios of these companies as the set of the technological sectors…
As computer systems become more and more complex, software and tools lag more and more behind. This is especially true for scientific software that often demands high performance, and thus needs to take advantage of parallelisms, memory…