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In standard reinforcement learning (RL), a learning agent seeks to optimize the overall reward. However, many key aspects of a desired behavior are more naturally expressed as constraints. For instance, the designer may want to limit the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Sobhan Miryoosefi , Kianté Brantley , Hal Daumé , Miroslav Dudik , Robert Schapire

We consider the task of training machine learning models with data-dependent constraints. Such constraints often arise as empirical versions of expected value constraints that enforce fairness or stability goals. We reformulate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-18 Songkai Xue , Yuekai Sun , Mikhail Yurochkin

This paper describes an extension to the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) called MUSE CSP (MUltiply SEgmented Constraint Satisfaction Problem). This extension is especially useful for those problems which segment into multiple sets of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-11-17 R. A Helzerman , M. P. Harper

Valued constraint satisfaction problems (VCSPs) are a large class of combinatorial optimisation problems. It is desirable to classify the computational complexity of VCSPs depending on a fixed set of allowed cost functions in the input.…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-04-06 Manuel Bodirsky , Marcello Mamino , Caterina Viola

In this paper, we study the possibility of designing non-trivial random CSP models by exploiting the intrinsic connection between structures and typical-case hardness. We show that constraint consistency, a notion that has been developed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-10-12 J. Culberson , Y. Gao

Random constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) have been widely studied both in AI and complexity theory. Empirically and theoretically, many random CSPs have been shown to exhibit a phase transition. As the ratio of constraints to…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-01-24 Colin Wei , Stefano Ermon

In this paper we consider stable matchings subject to assignment constraints. These are matchings that require certain assigned pairs to be included, insist that some other assigned pairs are not, and, importantly, are stable. Our main…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-06-14 Gregory Gutin , Philip R. Neary , Anders Yeo

Despite remarkable achievements in artificial intelligence, the deployability of learning-enabled systems in high-stakes real-world environments still faces persistent challenges. For example, in safety-critical domains like autonomous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Minjae Cho , Chuangchuang Sun

The quantified constraint satisfaction problem (QCSP) is a powerful framework for modelling computational problems. The general intractability of the QCSP has motivated the pursuit of restricted cases that avoid its maximal complexity. In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Hubie Chen

A Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) is a framework used for modeling and solving constrained problems. Tree-search algorithms like backtracking try to construct a solution to a CSP by selecting the variables of the problem one after…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-10-06 Muhammad Rezaul Karim

The constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) is a computational problem that includes a range of important problems in computer science. We point out that fundamental concepts of the CSP, such as the solution set of an instance and…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-04 Soichiro Fujii , Yuni Iwamasa , Kei Kimura

Stochastic constraints, which incorporate both deterministic parameters and random variables, extend classical deterministic constraints by explicitly accounting for uncertainty. These constraints are increasingly prevalent in data science,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiakun Li , Hao Wu , Bican Xia , Tengshun Yang , Naijun Zhan

Certifying feasibility in decision-making, critical in many industries, can be framed as a constraint satisfaction problem. This paper focuses on characterising a subset of parameter values from an a priori set that satisfy constraints on a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-14 Max Mowbray , Nilay Shah , Benoît Chachuat

In a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) the goal is to find an assignment of a given set of variables subject to specified constraints. A global cardinality constraint is an additional requirement that prescribes how many variables must…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Andrei A. Bulatov , Daniel Marx

In many real world applications of machine learning, models have to meet certain domain-based requirements that can be expressed as constraints (e.g., safety-critical constraints in autonomous driving systems). Such constraints are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Kshitij Goyal , Sebastijan Dumancic , Hendrik Blockeel

A class of valued constraint satisfaction problems (VCSPs) is characterised by a valued constraint language, a fixed set of cost functions on a finite domain. An instance of the problem is specified by a sum of cost functions from the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-11-24 Johan Thapper , Stanislav Zivny

Functional verification plays a central role in ensuring the correctness of modern integrated circuit designs, where constrained-random verification is widely adopted to generate diverse stimuli under high-level constraints. In industrial…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Nanbing Li , Weijie Peng , Jin Luo , Shuai Wang , Yihui Li , Jun Fang , Yun Liang

Random instances of Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSP's) appear to be hard for all known algorithms, when the number of constraints per variable lies in a certain interval. Contributing to the general understanding of the structure of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-04-20 Andrea Montanari , Ricardo Restrepo , Prasad Tetali

We explore different ways of implementing temporal constraints expressed in an extension of Answer Set Programming (ASP) with language constructs from dynamic logic. Foremost, we investigate how automata can be used for enforcing such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Pedro Cabalar , Martín Diéguez , Susana Hahn , Torsten Schaub

This work presents two new algorithms for performing constraint satisfaction. The first algorithm presented, DMaxWalkSat, is a constraint solver specialized for solving dynamic, weighted constraint satisfaction problems. The second…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-07-23 Gregory Hasseler