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This paper introduces a formal metalanguage called the lambda-q calculus for the specification of quantum programming languages. This metalanguage is an extension of the lambda calculus, which provides a formal setting for the specification…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 Philip Maymin

Here we briefly discuss how negative numbers, or "negative probabilities", can naturally arise in probabilistic expressions and be given an operational interpretation. Like the use of negative numbers in arithmetical expressions, the use of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-06-14 John Realpe-Gómez

Probabilistic programming languages, which exist in abundance, are languages that allow users to calculate probability distributions defined by probabilistic programs, by using inference algorithms. However, the underlying inference…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Oliver Goldstein , Ohad Kammar

We introduce the notion of a stochastic probabilistic program and present a reference implementation of a probabilistic programming facility supporting specification of stochastic probabilistic programs and inference in them. Stochastic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-23 David Tolpin , Tomer Dobkin

A famous result by Milner is that the lambda-calculus can be simulated inside the pi-calculus. This simulation, however, holds only modulo strong bisimilarity on processes, i.e. there is a slight mismatch between beta-reduction and how it…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2013-02-27 Beniamino Accattoli

Optical computing often employs tailor-made hardware to implement specific algorithms, trading generality for improved performance in key aspects like speed and power efficiency. An important computing approach that is still missing its…

Although randomization has long been used in distributed computing, formal methods for reasoning about probabilistic concurrent programs have lagged behind. No existing program logics can express specifications about the full distributions…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Noam Zilberstein , Alexandra Silva , Joseph Tassarotti

In this work, we incorporate reversibility into structured communication-based programming, to allow parties of a session to automatically undo, in a rollback fashion, the effect of previously executed interactions. This permits taking…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2014-06-16 Francesco Tiezzi , Nobuko Yoshida

The logic PJ is a probabilistic logic defined by adding (non-iterated) probability operators to the basic justification logic J. In this paper we establish upper and lower bounds for the complexity of the derivability problem in the logic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-07-06 Ioannis Kokkinis

History-deterministic automata are those in which nondeterministic choices can be correctly resolved stepwise: there is a strategy to select a continuation of a run given the next input letter so that if the overall input word admits some…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Soumyajit Paul , David Purser , Sven Schewe , Qiyi Tang , Patrick Totzke , Di-De Yen

We consider the safety evaluation of discrete time, stochastic systems over a finite horizon. Therefore, we discuss and link probabilistic invariance with reachability as well as reach-avoid problems. We show how to efficiently compute…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-17 Niklas Schmid , John Lygeros

A probabilistic propositional logic, endowed with an epistemic component for asserting (non-)compatibility of diagonizable and bounded observables, is presented and illustrated for reasoning about the random results of projective…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-03-20 A. Sernadas , J. Rasga , C. Sernadas , L. Alcácer , A. B. Henriques

Probabilistic programming is the idea of writing models from statistics and machine learning using program notations and reasoning about these models using generic inference engines. Recently its combination with deep learning has been…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Wonyeol Lee , Hangyeol Yu , Xavier Rival , Hongseok Yang

Psi-calculi are a parametric framework for nominal calculi, where standard calculi are found as instances, like the pi-calculus, or the cryptographic spi-calculus and applied-pi. Psi-calculi have an interleaving operational semantics, with…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-10-29 Håkon Normann , Cristian Prisacariu , Thomas Hildebrandt

We model the joint distribution of choice probabilities and decision times in binary choice tasks as the solution to a problem of optimal sequential sampling, where the agent is uncertain of the utility of each action and pays a constant…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2015-05-14 Drew Fudenberg , Philipp Strack , Tomasz Strzalecki

The Bulk-Synchronous Parallel model of computation has been used for the architecture independent design and analysis of parallel algorithms whose performance is expressed not only in terms of problem size n but also in terms of parallel…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-08-29 Alexandros V. Gerbessiotis , Constantinos J. Siniolakis

This paper presents a study of causality in a reversible, concurrent setting. There exist various notions of causality in pi-calculus, which differ in the treatment of parallel extrusions of the same name. In this paper we present a uniform…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-08-01 Doriana Medic , Claudio Antares Mezzina , Iain Phillips , Nobuko Yoshida

Compound AI applications, which compose calls to ML models using a general-purpose programming language like Python, are widely used for a variety of user-facing tasks, from software engineering to enterprise automation, making their…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Stephen Mell , David Mell , Konstantinos Kallas , Steve Zdancewic , Osbert Bastani

We present Concurrent GV (CGV), a functional calculus with message-passing concurrency governed by session types. With respect to prior calculi, CGV has increased support for concurrent evaluation and for cyclic network topologies. The…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Bas van den Heuvel , Jorge A. Pérez

We study the problem of automatically computing the time complexity of concurrent object-oriented programs. To determine this complexity we use intermediate abstract descriptions that record relevant information for the time analysis (cost…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-11-17 Elena Giachino , Einar Broch Johnsen , Cosimo Laneve , Ka I Pun