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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems address complex user requests by decomposing them into subqueries, retrieving potentially relevant documents for each, and then aggregating them to generate an answer. Efficiently selecting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Roxana Petcu , Kenton Murray , Daniel Khashabi , Evangelos Kanoulas , Maarten de Rijke , Dawn Lawrie , Kevin Duh

The semantic gap between colloquial user queries and professional legal documents presents a fundamental challenge in Legal Case Retrieval (LCR). Existing dense retrieval methods typically treat LCR as a black-box semantic matching process,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Minghan Li , Tianrui Lv , Chao Zhang , Guodong Zhou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently emerged as a method to extend beyond the pre-trained knowledge of Large Language Models by augmenting the original prompt with relevant passages or documents retrieved by an Information…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge, but existing approaches indiscriminately trigger retrieval and rely on single-path evidence construction, often introducing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Wang Chen , Guanqiang Qi , Weikang Li , Yang Li , Deguo Xia , Jizhou Huang

With the rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), an increasing number of researchers are exploring their application in recommendation systems. However, the high latency associated with large models presents a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Junjie Zhou

Evaluation efforts such as TREC, CLEF, NTCIR and FIRE, alongside public leaderboard such as MS MARCO, are intended to encourage research and track our progress, addressing big questions in our field. However, the goal is not simply to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Nick Craswell , Bhaskar Mitra , Emine Yilmaz , Daniel Campos , Jimmy Lin

The use of cellular networks for massive machine-type communications (mMTC) is an appealing solution due to the wide availability of cellular infrastructure. Estimating the number of devices (network load) is vital for efficient allocation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-22 Ahmed O. Elmeligy , Ioannis Psaromiligkos , Au Minh

Long-context large language models (LLMs) hold promise for tasks such as question-answering (QA) over long documents, but they tend to miss important information in the middle of context documents (arXiv:2307.03172v3). Here, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Devanshu Agrawal , Shang Gao , Martin Gajek

We present a novel iterative extraction model, IterX, for extracting complex relations, or templates (i.e., N-tuples representing a mapping from named slots to spans of text) within a document. Documents may feature zero or more instances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Yunmo Chen , William Gantt , Weiwei Gu , Tongfei Chen , Aaron Steven White , Benjamin Van Durme

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) requires both preserving the visual continuity of the reference image and faithfully executing the semantic variables specified in the modification text, which constitute the core challenge of the task.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xingtian Pei , Yukun Song , Changwei Wang , Shunpeng Chen , Rongtao Xu , Shengpeng Xu , Shibiao Xu

Although representational retrieval models based on Transformers have been able to make major advances in the past few years, and despite the widely accepted conventions and best-practices for testing such models, a $\textit{standardized}$…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Nima Sadri

With the recent success of dense retrieval methods based on bi-encoders, studies have applied this approach to various interesting downstream retrieval tasks with good efficiency and in-domain effectiveness. Recently, we have also seen the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Wei Zhong , Jheng-Hong Yang , Yuqing Xie , Jimmy Lin

Graph-based RAG methods like GraphRAG have shown promising global understanding of the knowledge base by constructing hierarchical entity graphs. However, they often suffer from inefficiency and rely on manually pre-defined query modes,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yibo Zhao , Jiapeng Zhu , Ye Guo , Kangkang He , Xiang Li

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a cornerstone of contemporary NLP, enhancing large language models (LLMs) by allowing them to access richer factual contexts through in-context retrieval. While effective in monolingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Leonardo Ranaldi , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

A retriever, which retrieves relevant knowledge pieces from a knowledge base given a context, is an important component in many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Retrievers have been introduced in knowledge-grounded dialog systems to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yucheng Cai , Ke Li , Yi Huang , Junlan Feng , Zhijian Ou

Information retrieval models have witnessed a paradigm shift from unsupervised statistical approaches to feature-based supervised approaches to completely data-driven ones that make use of the pre-training of large language models. While…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Saran Pandian , Debasis Ganguly , Sean MacAvaney

Existing information retrieval systems are largely constrained by their reliance on vector inner products to assess query-document relevance, which naturally limits the expressiveness of the relevance score they can produce. We propose a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Julian Killingback , Hansi Zeng , Hamed Zamani

The recently introduced Controlled Text Reduction (CTR) task isolates the text generation step within typical summarization-style tasks. It does so by challenging models to generate coherent text conforming to pre-selected content within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Aviv Slobodkin , Avi Caciularu , Eran Hirsch , Ido Dagan

Text clustering holds significant value across various domains due to its ability to identify patterns and group related information. Current approaches which rely heavily on a computed similarity measure between documents are often limited…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Laurence Hirsch , Robin Hirsch , Bayode Ogunleye

Traditional Information Retrieval (IR) metrics, such as nDCG, MAP, and MRR, assume that human users sequentially examine documents with diminishing attention to lower ranks. This assumption breaks down in Retrieval Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Giovanni Trappolini , Florin Cuconasu , Simone Filice , Yoelle Maarek , Fabrizio Silvestri