Related papers: A Formal Framework for Linguistic Annotation (revi…
Establishing stable mappings between natural language expressions and visual percepts is a foundational problem for both cognitive science and artificial intelligence. Humans routinely ground linguistic reference in noisy, ambiguous…
Isomorphisms allow human cognition to transcribe a potentially unsolvable problem from one domain to a different domain where the problem might be more easily addressed. Current approaches only focus on transcribing structural information…
This paper elaborates on the notion of uncertainty in the context of annotation in large text corpora, specifically focusing on (but not limited to) historical languages. Such uncertainty might be due to inherent properties of the language,…
This note clarifies the concept of syntax and semantics and their relationships. Today, a lot of confusion arises from the fact that the word "semantics" is used in different meanings. We discuss a general approach at defining semantics…
Large Language Models (LLMs) have ushered in a new era of text annotation, as their ease-of-use, high accuracy, and relatively low costs have meant that their use has exploded in recent months. However, the rapid growth of the field has…
Despite the remarkable generative capabilities of language models in producing naturalistic language, their effectiveness on explicit manipulation and generation of linguistic structures remain understudied. In this paper, we investigate…
Stories are a vital form of communication in human culture; they are employed daily to persuade, to elicit sympathy, or to convey a message. Computational understanding of human narratives, especially high-level narrative structures, remain…
Predicate-argument structure analysis is a central component in meaning representations of text. The fact that some arguments are not explicitly mentioned in a sentence gives rise to ambiguity in language understanding, and renders it…
We address the problem of providing contextual information about a logical formula (eg provenance, date of validity, or confidence) and representing it within a logical system. In this case, it is needed to rely on a higher order or non…
In order to interpret the communicative intents of an utterance, it needs to be grounded in something that is outside of language; that is, grounded in world modalities. In this paper, we argue that dialogue clarification mechanisms make…
Logic has proved essential for formally modeling software based systems. Such formal descriptions, frequently called specifications, have served not only as requirements documentation and formalisation, but also for providing the…
Manual annotation of textual documents is a necessary task when constructing benchmark corpora for training and evaluating machine learning algorithms. We created a comprehensive directory of annotation tools that currently includes 93…
Most natural language processing tasks require lexical semantic information. Automated acquisition of this information would thus increase the robustness and portability of NLP systems. This paper describes an acquisition method which makes…
Textual data annotation, the process of labeling or tagging text with relevant information, is typically costly, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential as direct…
Annotating speaker attributes from text is inherently ambiguous, particularly in multilingual settings where demographic and social cues are implicit and culturally variable. We propose a human-large language model (LLM) collaborative…
This paper defines a language L for specifying LFG grammars. This enables constraints on LFG's composite ontology (c-structures synchronised with f-structures) to be stated directly; no appeal to the LFG construction algorithm is needed. We…
In this paper, we propose a framework to perform verification and validation of semantically annotated data. The annotations, extracted from websites, are verified against the schema.org vocabulary and Domain Specifications to ensure the…
Explanation methods in Interpretable NLP often explain the model's decision by extracting evidence (rationale) from the input texts supporting the decision. Benchmark datasets for rationales have been released to evaluate how good the…
A predicate head is a verbal expression that plays a role as the structural center of a sentence. Identifying predicate heads is critical to understanding a sentence. It plays the leading role in organizing the relevant syntactic elements…
Linguistic variables represent crisp information in a form and precision appropriate for the problem. For example, to answer the question "How are you?" one may say "I am fine." the linguistic variables like "fine", so common in everyday…