Related papers: Quantum Conductors in a Plane
We review recent experiments that provide evidence for a transition to a conducting phase in two dimensions at very low electron densities. The nature of this phase is not understood, and is currently the focus of intense theoretical and…
In a series of recent experiments, Kravchenko and colleagues observed unexpectedly that a two-dimensional electron gas in zero magnetic field can be a conductor. The two-dimensionality was imposed by confining the electron gas to move…
We report transport measurements on a semiconductor quantum dot with a small number of confined electrons. In the Coulomb blockade regime, conduction is dominated by cotunneling processes. These can be either elastic or inelastic, depending…
We report direct experimental evidence that the insulating phase of a disordered, yet strongly interacting two-dimensional electron system (2DES) becomes unstable at low temperatures. As the temperature decreases, a transition from…
Electrons in condensed matter may transition into a variety of broken-symmetry phase states due to electron-electron interactions. Applying diverse mean-field approximations to the interaction term is arguably the simplest way to identify…
A quantum wire is spatially displaced by suitable electric fields with respect to the scatterers inside a semiconductor crystal. As a function of the wire position, the low-temperature resistance shows reproducible fluctuations. Their…
We present an overview of the measured transport properties of the two dimensional electron fluids in high mobility semiconductor devices with low electron densities, and of some of the theories that have been proposed to account for them.…
Ignited by the discovery of the metal-insulator transition, the behaviour of low-disorder two-dimensional (2D) electron systems is currently the focus of a great deal of attention. In the strongly-interacting limit, electrons are expected…
The interlayer tunneling mechanism of the cuprate high temperature superconductors involves a conversion of the confinement kinetic energy of the electrons perpendicular to the CuO-planes ($c$-axis) in the normal state to the pair binding…
Recently, the electron transport through a quasi-one dimensional (quasi-1D) electron gas was investigated experimentally as a function of the confining potential. We present a physical model for quantum ballistic transport of electrons…
We review the mechanisms of low-temperature electron transport across a quantum dot weakly coupled to two conducting leads. Conduction in this case is controlled by the interaction between electrons. At temperatures moderately lower than…
The unsymmetric confinement of the electrons in a typical 2-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) breaks the full cubic symmetry of the in-plane transport properties. A rigorous invariance of the transport under rotation by pi/2 about the cubic…
The conductance through a semi-infinite one-dimensional wire, partly embedded in a superconducting bulk electrode, is studied. When the electron-electron interactions within the wire are strongly repulsive, the wire effectively decouples…
A new theoretical method is introduced to study coherent electron transport in an interacting multilevel quantum dot. The method yields the correct behavior both in the limit of weak and strong coupling to the leads, giving a unified…
In transport experiments the quantum nature of matter becomes directly evident when changes in conductance occur only in discrete steps, with a size determined solely by Planck's constant h. The observations of quantized steps in the…
We study one-dimensional transport in focused-ion-beam written in-plane-gate transistors on III-V heterostructures at moderately low temperatures at zero bias without any external magnetic field applied. In accordance with a recent proposal…
Electrons move along potential or thermal gradients. In the presence of a global gradient, applied e.g. to the two terminals of a conductor, this induces electric charge and heat currents. They can also flow between two equilibrated…
Recent theoretical results on transport in a two-dimensional disordered electron liquid with spin and isospin degrees of freedom are reviewed. A number of experimental features in temperature dependence of resistivity at low temperatures in…
Electrons confined to two dimensions display an unexpected diversity of behaviors as they are cooled to absolute zero. Noninteracting electrons are predicted to eventually "localize" into an insulating ground state, and it has long been…
Electron-electron (e-e) collisions can impact transport in a variety of surprising and sometimes counterintuitive ways. Despite strong interest, experiments on the subject proved challenging because of the simultaneous presence of different…