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We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for a group of density matrices to characterize what different people may know about one and the same physical system.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Todd A. Brun , J. Finkelstein , N. David Mermin

We develop a theoretical approach to compute the conditioned spectral density of $N \times N$ non-invariant random matrices in the limit $N \rightarrow \infty$. This large deviation observable, defined as the eigenvalue distribution…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-08-15 Isaac Pérez Castillo , Fernando L. Metz

We study various methods to generate ensembles of random density matrices of a fixed size N, obtained by partial trace of pure states on composite systems. Structured ensembles of random pure states, invariant with respect to local unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-27 Karol Zyczkowski , Karol A. Penson , Ion Nechita , Benoit Collins

We present a graphical approach to understanding the degeneracy, density of states, and cumulative state number for some simple quantum systems. By taking advantage of basic computing operations we define a straightforward procedure for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-30 Declan Mulhall , Matthew Moelter

Complexity is an interdisciplinary concept which, first of all, addresses the question of how order emerges out of randomness. For many reasons matrices provide a very practical and powerful tool in approaching and quantifying the related…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2008-12-18 S. Drozdz , J. Kwapien , J. Speth , M. Wojcik

The class of norm-dependent Random Matrix Ensembles is studied in the presence of an external field. The probability density in those ensembles depends on the trace of the squared random matrices, but is otherwise arbitrary. An exact…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Thomas Guhr

Realism about quantum theory naturally leads to realism about the quantum state of the universe. It leaves open whether it is a pure state represented by a wave function, or an impure (mixed) one represented by a density matrix. I…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-05 Eddy Keming Chen

By applying the supersymmetric approach we rigorously prove smoothness of the averaged density of states for a three dimensional random band matrix ensemble, in the limit of infinite volume and fixed band width. We also prove that the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Disertori , H. Pinson , T. Spencer

In this article, a model of random hermitian matrices is considered, in which the measure $\exp(-S)$ contains a general U(N)-invariant potential and an external source term: $S=N\tr(V(M)+MA)$. The generalization of known determinant…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-30 P. Zinn-Justin

The estimation of the density matrix of a $k$-level quantum system is studied when the parametrization is given by the real and imaginary part of the entries and they are estimated by independent measurements. It is established that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. Petz , K. M. Hangos , A. Magyar

In physics, density matrices are used to represent mixed states, i.e. probabilistic mixtures of pure states. This concept has previously been used to model lexical ambiguity. In this paper, we consider metaphor as a type of lexical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Jay Owers , Ekaterina Shutova , Martha Lewis

Conditional density matrix represents a quantum state of subsystem in different schemes of quantum communication. Here we discuss some properties of conditional density matrix and its place in general scheme of quantum mechanics.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-23 V. Belokurov , O. Khrustalev , V. Sadovnichy , O. Timofeevskaya

Random matrix ensembles are introduced that respect the local tensor structure of Hamiltonians describing a chain of $n$ distinguishable spin-half particles with nearest-neighbour interactions. We prove a central limit theorem for the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-06-19 J. P. Keating , N. Linden , H. J. Wells

Expressions for the density of states $D(E)$, where $D(E)$ is the number of states of energy $E$, are well known. The present paper offers the expressions for generalized density of states $D_N(E,m)$, where $D_N(E,m)$ is the number of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-12-16 Boris Kryzhanovsky , Vladislav Egorov

An algebraic procedure to find extremal density matrices for any Hamiltonian of a qudit system is established. The extremal density matrices for pure states provide a complete description of the system, that is, the energy spectra of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-10-03 Armando Figueroa , Julio A. López-Saldívar , Octavio Castaños , Ramón López-Peña

We study a new class of matrix models, formulated on a lattice. On each site are $N$ states with random energies governed by a Gaussian random matrix Hamiltonian. The states on different sites are coupled randomly. We calculate the density…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-22 E. Brézin , A. Zee

We provide a simple analytic relation which connects the density operator of the radiation field with the number probabilities. The problem of experimentally "sampling" a general matrix elements is studied, and the deleterious effects of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-17 Stefano Mancini , Paolo Tombesi , Vladimir I. Manko

In this brief paper the probability density of a random real, complex and quaternion determinant is rederived using singular values. The behaviour of suitably rescaled random determinants is studied in the limit of infinite order of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Giovanni M. Cicuta , Madan L. Mehta

Given any fixed $N \times N$ positive semi-definite diagonal matrix $G\ge 0$ we derive the explicit formula for the density of complex eigenvalues for random matrices $A$ of the form $A=U\sqrt{G}$} where the random unitary matrices $U$ are…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Yi Wei , Yan V. Fyodorov

We consider non-Hermitian random matrices $X \in \mathbb{C}^{n \times n}$ with general decaying correlations between their entries. For large $n$, the empirical spectral distribution is well approximated by a deterministic density,…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-25 Johannes Alt , Torben Krüger