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Higher-order cellular automata (HOCA) are a variant of cellular automata (CA) used in many applications (ranging, for instance, from the design of secret sharing schemes to data compression and image processing), and in which the global…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-25 Alberto Dennunzio , Enrico Formenti , Luca Manzoni , Luciano Margara , Antonio E. Porreca

Neural Cellular Automata (NCA) represent a powerful framework for modeling biological self-organization, extending classical rule-based systems with trainable, differentiable (or evolvable) update rules that capture the adaptive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Benedikt Hartl , Michael Levin , Léo Pio-Lopez

In this thesis we will work under the premises of the Cellular Automata Interpretation of QM, by Gerard 't Hooft, according to whom particles evolve following the rules of Cellular Automata (CA), a mathematical model consisting of discrete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-05 Bianca Rizzo

The density classification task is a famous problem in the theory of cellular automata. It is unsolvable for deterministic automata, but recently solutions for stochastic cellular automata have been found. One of them is a set of stochastic…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2019-07-22 Markus Redeker

Over an arbitrary commutative ring $R$, we develop a theory of quantum cellular automata. We then use algebraic K-theory to construct a space $\mathbf{Q}(X)$ of quantum cellular automata (QCA) on a given metric space $X$. In most cases of…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Mattie Ji , Bowen Yang

Gauge symmetries play a fundamental role in Physics, as they provide a mathematical justification for the fundamental forces. Usually, one starts from a non-interactive theory which governs `matter', and features a global symmetry. One then…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2022-01-25 Pablo Arrighi , Marin Costes , Nathanaël Eon

This paper is the continuation of our earlier considerations on cellular automata with Toom local rule (TCA) as the alternative to kinetic Ising systems. The arguments for TCA stationary states not being the equilibrium states are found in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Danuta Makowiec

One of the most important problems in contemporary science, and especially in biology, is to reveal mechanisms of pattern formation. On the level of biological tissues, patterns form due to interactions between cells. These interactions can…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2020-07-23 Manan'Iarivo Rasolonjanahary , Bakhtier Vasiev

We present a new cellular data processing scheme, a hybrid of existing cellular automata (CA) and gate array architectures, which is optimized for realization at the quantum scale. For conventional computing, the CA-like external clocking…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-31 S. C. Benjamin , N. F. Johnson

We show that cellular automata can classify data by inducing a form of dynamical phase coexistence. We use Monte Carlo methods to search for general two-dimensional deterministic automata that classify images on the basis of activity, the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Stephen Whitelam , Isaac Tamblyn

Cellular automata represent physical systems where both space and time are discrete, and the associated physical quantities assume a limited set of values. While previous research has applied cellular automata in modeling chemical,…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2024-10-30 Temitayo Adefemi

Neural Cellular Automata (NCA) models are trainable variations of traditional Cellular Automata (CA). Emergent motion in the patterns created by NCA has been successfully applied to synthesize dynamic textures. However, the conditions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yitao Xu , Ehsan Pajouheshgar , Sabine Süsstrunk

After an apparent hiatus of roughly 30 years, we revisit a seemingly neglected subject in the theory of (one-dimensional) cellular automata: sublinear-time computation. The model considered is that of ACAs, which are language acceptors…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Augusto Modanese

Particle-like objects are observed to propagate and interact in many spatially extended dynamical systems. For one of the simplest classes of such systems, one-dimensional cellular automata, we establish a rigorous upper bound on the number…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2009-10-31 Wim Hordijk , Cosma Rohilla Shalizi , James P. Crutchfield

Many unconventional computing models, including some that appear to be quite different from traditional ones such as Turing machines, happen to characterise either the complexity class P or PSPACE when working in deterministic polynomial…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Antonio E. Porreca

We created two dimensional hexagonal cellular automata to obtain complexity. Considering the game of life rules, Wolfram's works about life-like structures and John von Neumann's self-replication, self-maintenance, self-reproduction…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2023-02-28 Vural Erdogan

In this paper we introduce a new quantum computation model, the linear quantum cellular automaton. Well-formedness is an essential property for any quantum computing device since it enables us to define the probability of a configuration in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Christoph Durr , Huong LeThanh , Miklos Santha

This paper introduces a simple formalism for dealing with deterministic, non- deterministic and stochastic cellular automata in an unified and composable manner. This formalism allows for local probabilistic correlations, a feature which is…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-05-20 Pablo Arrighi , Nicolas Schabanel , Guillaume Theyssier

A cellular automaton (CA) is a parallel synchronous computing model, which consists in a juxtaposition of finite automata (cells) whose state evolves according to that of their neighbors. Its trace is the set of infinite words representing…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-02-15 Julien Cervelle , Enrico Formenti , Pierre Guillon

We study classical and quantum spin models derived from one-dimensional cellular automata (CA) with nonlinear update rules, focusing on rules 30, 54 and 201. We argue that the classical models, defined such that their ground states…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-07 Konstantinos Sfairopoulos , Luke Causer , Jamie F. Mair , Stephen Powell , Juan P. Garrahan