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The spectral densities of ensembles of non-Hermitian sparse random matrices are analysed using the cavity method. We present a set of equations from which the spectral density of a given ensemble can be efficiently and exactly calculated.…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-13 Tim Rogers , Isaac Perez Castillo

We compute spectra of large stochastic matrices $W$, defined on sparse random graphs, where edges $(i,j)$ of the graph are given positive random weights $W_{ij}>0$ in such a fashion that column sums are normalized to one. We compute spectra…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-06-23 Reimer Kuehn

Estimating covariance matrices is a problem of fundamental importance in multivariate statistics. In practice it is increasingly frequent to work with data matrices $X$ of dimension $n\times p$, where $p$ and $n$ are both large. Results…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-01-22 Noureddine El Karoui

Random matrix theory allows one to deduce the eigenvalue spectrum of a large matrix given only statistical information about its elements. Such results provide insight into what factors contribute to the stability of complex dynamical…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-01-30 Joseph W. Baron , Thomas Jun Jewell , Christopher Ryder , Tobias Galla

We propose a technique for calculating and understanding the eigenvalue distribution of sums of random matrices from the known distribution of the summands. The exact problem is formidably hard. One extreme approximation to the true density…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-27 Ramis Movassagh , Alan Edelman

Estimating a high-dimensional sparse covariance matrix from a limited number of samples is a fundamental problem in contemporary data analysis. Most proposals to date, however, are not robust to outliers or heavy tails. Towards bridging…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-04 John Goes , Gilad Lerman , Boaz Nadler

We analyze gene co-expression network under the random matrix theory framework. The nearest neighbor spacing distribution of the adjacency matrix of this network follows Gaussian orthogonal statistics of random matrix theory (RMT). Spectral…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2015-05-18 Sarika Jalan , Norbert Solymosi , Gabör Vattay , Baowen Li

Non-Hermitian random matrices with statistical spectral characteristics beyond the standard Ginibre ensembles have recently emerged in the description of dissipative quantum many-body systems as well as in non-ergodic wave transport in…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Gernot Akemann , Yan V. Fyodorov , Dmitry V. Savin

Using the replica method, we compute the statistics of the top eigenpair of diluted covariance matrices of the form $\mathbf{J} = \mathbf{X}^T \mathbf{X}$, where $\mathbf{X}$ is a $N\times M$ sparse data matrix, in the limit of large $N,M$…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-01 Barak Budnick , Preben Forer , Pierpaolo Vivo , Sabrina Aufiero , Silvia Bartolucci , Fabio Caccioli

We analyse the covariance of the one-dimensional mass power spectrum along lines of sight. The covariance reveals the correlation between different modes of fluctuations in the cosmic density field and gives the sample variance error for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Hu Zhan , Daniel Eisenstein

This paper examines the relationship between sparse random network architectures and neural network stability by examining the eigenvalue spectral distribution. Specifically, we generalise classical eigenspectral results to sparse…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-12 Isabelle D Harris , Hamish Meffin , Anthony N Burkitt , Andre D. H Peterson

For large random matrices $X$ with independent, centered entries but not necessarily identical variances, the eigenvalue density of $XX^*$ is well-approximated by a deterministic measure on $\mathbb{R}$. We show that the density of this…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-11-22 Johannes Alt

In this note, we claim that diagonal scaling of a sample covariance matrix is asymptotically inconsistent if the ratio of the dimension to the sample size converges to a positive constant, where population is assumed to be Gaussian with a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-08-20 Tomonari Sei

We calculate analytically the probability of large deviations from its mean of the largest (smallest) eigenvalue of random matrices belonging to the Gaussian orthogonal, unitary and symplectic ensembles. In particular, we show that the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 David S. Dean , Satya N. Majumdar

Random matrices have played an important role in many fields including machine learning, quantum information theory and optimization. One of the main research focuses is on the deviation inequalities for eigenvalues of random matrices.…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-10-18 Xianjie Gao , Chao Zhang , Hongwei Zhang

Gaps (or spacings) between consecutive eigenvalues are a central topic in random matrix theory. The goal of this paper is to study the tail distribution of these gaps in various random matrix models. We give the first repulsion bound for…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-05-05 Hoi Nguyen , Terence Tao , Van Vu

We compute the limiting distributions of the largest eigenvalue of a complex Gaussian sample covariance matrix when both the number of samples and the number of variables in each sample become large. When all but finitely many, say $r$,…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jinho Baik , Gerard Ben Arous , Sandrine Peche

In this paper we show that the empirical eigenvalue distribution of any sample covariance matrix generated by independent copies of a stationary regular sequence has a limiting distribution depending only on the spectral density of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-08-12 Florence Merlevede , Magda Peligrad

We study the joint limit distribution of the $k$ largest eigenvalues of a $p\times p$ sample covariance matrix $XX^\T$ based on a large $p\times n$ matrix $X$. The rows of $X$ are given by independent copies of a linear process,…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-10-31 Richard A. Davis , Oliver Pfaffel , Robert Stelzer

Let \{$X_{ij}$\}, $i,j=...,$ be a double array of i.i.d. complex random variables with $EX_{11}=0,E|X_{11}|^2=1$ and $E|X_{11}|^4<\infty$, and let $A_n=\frac{1}{N}T_n^{{1}/{2}}X_nX_n^*T_n^{{1}/{2}}$, where $T_n^{{1}/{2}}$ is the square root…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-08-22 Z. D. Bai , B. Q. Miao , G. M. Pan