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Tile Automata is a recently defined model of self-assembly that borrows many concepts from cellular automata to create active self-assembling systems where changes may be occurring within an assembly without requiring attachment. This model…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Robert M. Alaniz , David Caballero , Sonya C. Cirlos , Timothy Gomez , Elise Grizzell , Andrew Rodriguez , Robert Schweller , Armando Tenorio , Tim Wylie

The process of self-assembly is guided by the minimization of free energy, which limits the symmetries available for assembly and ultimately the usefulness of devices fabricated in this fashion. Here, we demonstrate experimentally for the…

DNA-coated particles are promising as building blocks for functional and finite-sized assemblies because they can be programmed with orthogonal interactions owing to the sequence-specific hybridization of DNA strands. To fully exploit this…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-04-17 T. C. M. Stevens , A. van der Sluis , I. K. Voets , P. G. Moerman

DNA Self-Assembly has emerged as an interdisciplinary field with many intriguing applications such DNA bio-sensor, DNA circuits, DNA storage, drug delivery etc. Tile assembly model of DNA has been studied for various computational…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-02-20 Shalin Shah , Parth Dave , Manish K Gupta

The Pattern self-Assembly Tile set Synthesis (PATS) problem is to determine a set of coloured tiles that self-assemble to implement a given rectangular colour pattern. We give an exhaustive branch-and-bound algorithm to find tile sets of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Mika Göös , Pekka Orponen

Inspired by recent successes using single-stranded DNA tiles to produce complex structures, we develop a two-step coarse-graining approach that uses detailed thermodynamic calculations with oxDNA, a nucleotide-based model of DNA, to…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-04-09 Pedro Fonseca , Flavio Romano , John S. Schreck , Thomas E. Ouldridge , Jonathan P. K. Doye , Ard A. Louis

We propose that genetic encoding of self-assembling components greatly enhances the evolution of complex systems and provides an efficient platform for inductive generalization, i.e. the inductive derivation of a solution to a problem with…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Rudolf M. Fuechslin , Thomas Maeke , Uwe Tangen , John S. McCaskill

Working in a three-dimensional variant of Winfree's abstract Tile Assembly Model, we show that, for all $N \in \mathbb{N}$, there is a tile set that uniquely self-assembles into an $N \times N$ square shape at temperature 1 with optimal…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2014-11-06 David Furcy , Samuel Micka , Scott M. Summers

Self-assembly is one of the prevalent strategies used by living systems to fabricate ensembles of precision nanometer-scale structures and devices. The push for analogous approaches to create synthetic nanomaterials has led to the…

The Watson-Crick complementary properties of DNA make DNA a useful tool for the self-assembly of various target complexes. Concepts from graph theory can be used to model the self-assembling process in which the vertices of the graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-28 Gabriel Lopez , Cory Johnson

In this paper, we introduce the following problem in the theory of algorithmic self-assembly: given an input shape as the seed of a tile-based self-assembly system, design a finite tile set that can, in some sense, uniquely identify whether…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-06-16 Matthew J. Patitz , Scott M. Summers

Colloidal particles grafted with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) chains can self-assemble into a number of different crystalline structures, where hybridization of the ssDNA chains creates links between colloids stabilizing their structure.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-17 Panagiotis E. Theodorakis , Nikolaos G. Fytas , Gerhard Kahl , Christoph Dellago

Recent advances enable the creation of nanoscale building blocks with complex geometries and interaction specificities for self-assembly. This nearly boundless design space necessitates design principles for defining the mutual interactions…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-03-29 Daichi Hayakawa , Thomas E. Videbæk , Gregory M. Grason , W. Benjamin Rogers

Traditionally, computation within self-assembly models is hard to conceal because the self-assembly process generates a crystalline assembly whose computational history is inherently part of the structure itself. With no way to remove…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Angel A. Cantu , Austin Luchsinger , Robert Schweller , Tim Wylie

We investigate general properties of non-deterministic self-assembly with asymmetric interactions, using a computational model and DNA tile assembly experiments. By contrasting symmetric and asymmetric interactions we show that the latter…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-08-24 S. Tesoro , K. Göpfrich , T. Kartanas , U. F. Keyser , S. E. Ahnert

The connection between self-assembly and computation suggests that a shape can be considered the output of a self-assembly ``program,'' a set of tiles that fit together to create a shape. It seems plausible that the size of the smallest…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-06-22 David Soloveichik , Erik Winfree

Controlling the size and shape of assembled structures is a fundamental challenge in self-assembly, and is highly relevant in material design and biology. Here, we show that specific, but promiscuous, short-range binding interactions make…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-08 Maximilian C. Hübl , Carl P. Goodrich

Colloidal self-assembly -- the spontaneous organization of colloids into ordered structures -- has been considered key to produce next-generation materials. However, the present-day staggering variety of colloidal building blocks and the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-06-29 Gabriele Maria Coli , Emanuele Boattini , Laura Filion , Marjolein Dijkstra

Self-assembly is a fundamental concept in biology and of significant interest to nanotechnology. Significant progress has been made in characterizing and controlling the properties of the resulting structures, both experimentally and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-03-06 Florian M. Gartner , Erwin Frey

The ability to design and synthesize ever more complicated colloidal particles opens the possibility of self-assembling a zoo of complex structures, including those with one or more self-limited length scales. An undesirable feature of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-03-02 Thomas E. Videbæk , Huang Fang , Daichi Hayakawa , Botond Tyukodi , Michael F. Hagan , W. Benjamin Rogers