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The typical scalar field theory has a cosmological constant problem. We propose a generic mechanism by which this problem is avoided at tree level by embedding the theory into a larger theory. The metric and the scalar field coupling…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-07-11 Roman V. Buniy , Thomas W. Kephart

Standard cosmology has long been plagued by a number of persistent problems. The origin of the apparent acceleration of the cosmic expansion remains enigmatic. The cosmological constant has been reintroduced as a free parameter with a value…

General Physics · Physics 2023-02-28 Jan O. Stenflo

A central aspect of the cosmological constant problem is to understand why vacuum energy does not gravitate. In order to account for this observation, while allowing for nontrivial dynamics of the quantum vacuum, we motivate a novel…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-02-05 Stephon Alexander , Raúl Carballo-Rubio

The possibility of extending the quantum mechanical superposition principle to free parameters such as the cosmological constant appearing in the Lagrangian of physical theories is examined. If the cosmological constant is subject to a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-12-15 Josily Cyriac

The recent local measurement of Hubble constant leads to a more than $3\sigma$ tension with Planck + $\Lambda$CDM (Riess {\it et al} 2018). In this article we study the $H_0$ tension in non-flat QCDM cosmology, where Q stands for a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-16 Haitao Miao , Zhiqi Huang

Under the hypothesis that the cosmological constant vanishes in the true ground state with lowest possible energy density, we argue that the observed small but finite vacuum-like energy density can be explained if we consider a theory with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 Jun'ichi Yokoyama

We discuss phenomenology of quantum vacuum. Phenomenology of macroscopic systems has three sources: thermodynamics, topology and symmetry. Thermodynamics of the self-sustained vacuum allows us to treat the problems related to the vacuum…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2013-09-13 G. E. Volovik

We discuss some of the issues which we encounter when we try to invoke the scalar-tensor theories of gravitation as a theoretical basis of quintessence. One of the advantages of appealing to these theories is that they allow us to implement…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Yasunori Fujii

This is an essay sketching the line of thinking which has led the present author to propose the constituent or atomic model of gravitation more than a decade ago. It turns out that viewing the problem of gravitation as a quantum many body…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-19 Pawel O. Mazur

We point out several subtleties arising in brane-world scenarios of cosmological constant cancellation. We show that solutions with curvature singularities are inconsistent, unless the contribution to the effective four-dimentional…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Stefan Forste , Zygmunt Lalak , Stéphane Lavignac , Hans Peter Nilles

It has been proposed that the geometry of an extra dimension could automatically adjust itself to compensate for an arbitrary energy density on the 3-D brane which we are presumed to inhabit, such that a static solution to Einstein's…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 James M. Cline , Hassan Firouzjahi

The idea that the cosmological term, Lambda, should be a time dependent quantity in cosmology is a most natural one. It is difficult to conceive an expanding universe with a strictly constant vacuum energy density, namely one that has…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-18 Joan Sola

Among the suggested solutions to the cosmological constant problem, we find the idea of a dynamic vacuum, with an energy density decaying with the universe expansion. We investigate the possibility of a variation in the gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-08-17 Saulo Carneiro

A phenomenological model is proposed to explain the recent observed cosmological variation of the fine structure constant as an effect of the quantum vacuum, assuming a flat universe with cosmological constant $\Lambda$ in the cases…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-17 Antonio F. Rañada

The junction conditions between static and non-static space-times are studied for analyzing gravitational collapse in the presence of a cosmological constant. We have discussed about the apparent horizon and their physical significance. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Ujjal Debnath , Soma Nath , Subenoy Chakraborty

In this thesis the cosmological constant is investigated from two points of view. First, we study the influence of a time-dependent cosmological constant on the late-time expansion of the universe. Thereby, we consider several combinations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Florian Bauer

We make the cosmological constant, {\Lambda}, into a field and restrict the variations of the action with respect to it by causality. This creates an additional Einstein constraint equation. It restricts the solutions of the standard…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-28 John D. Barrow , Douglas J. Shaw

The flatness and cosmological constant problems are solved with varying speed of light c, gravitational coupling strength G and cosmological parameter Lambda, by explicitly assuming energy conservation of observed matter. The present…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 P. Gopakumar , G. V. Vijayagovindan

Within present constraints on the observed smooth energy and its equation of state parameter, it is important to find out whether the smooth energy is static (cosmological constant) or dynamic (quintessence). The most dynamical quintessence…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-04-13 S. A. Bludman , M. Roos

We argue that, when a theory of gravity and matter is endowed with (classical) conformal symmetry, the fine tuning required to obtain the cosmological constant at its observed value can be significantly reduced. Once tuned, the cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-23 Stefano Lucat , Tomislav Prokopec , Bogumila Swiezewska