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Matter exhibits phases and their transitions. These transitions are classified as first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) and continuous ones. While the latter has a well-established theory of the renormalization group, the former is only…
It has been shown that the chain of thought (CoT) can enhance the power of large language models (LLMs) to solve certain mathematical reasoning problems. However, the capacity of CoT is still not fully explored. As an important instance,…
We present a \emph{new} formulation of perturbation theory for quantum systems, designated here as: `mean field perturbation theory'(MFPT), which is free from power-series-expansion in any physical parameter, including the coupling…
Mode-mode coupling theory is presented for the resonant pumping via dynamical tunneling processes in a deformed microcavity. From the steady-state solution of the coupled differential equations of chaotic modes and a high-Q regular mode,…
We consider correlation functions containing the axial current of one light and one heavy quark in the static approximation as well as in full QCD, using the lattice regularization. Up to one-loop order of perturbation theory, we study the…
Chain-of-Thought (CoT), a step-wise and coherent reasoning chain, shows its impressive strength when used as a prompting strategy for large language models (LLM). Recent years, the prominent effect of CoT prompting has attracted emerging…
Multicalibration extends classical calibration by requiring predictions to be unbiased over a rich collection of functions, encompassing both prediction slices and subpopulations. It has emerged as a powerful framework for fairness,…
In non-maximally quantum chaotic systems, the exponential behavior of out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) results from summing over exchanges of an infinite tower of higher "spin" operators. We construct an effective field theory (EFT)…
Fluctuation theorems impose constraints on possible work extraction probabilities in thermodynamical processes. These constraints are stronger than the usual second law, which is concerned only with average values. Here, we show that such…
Chain-of-thought (CoT) monitoring is a promising tool for detecting misbehaviors and understanding the motivations of modern reasoning models. However, if models can control what they verbalize in their CoT, it could undermine CoT…
A mode-coupling theory for dense polymeric systems is developed which unifyingly incorporates the segmental cage effect relevant for structural slowing down and polymer chain conformational degrees of freedom. An ideal glass transition of…
Variational models with coupling terms are becoming increasingly popular in image analysis. They involve auxiliary variables, such that their energy minimisation splits into multiple fractional steps that can be solved easier and more…
We consider the random wetting transition on the Cayley tree, i.e. the problem of a directed polymer on the Cayley tree in the presence of random energies along the left-most bonds. In the pure case, there exists a first-order transition…
A scaling theory of the Kondo lattices with frustrated exchange interactions is developed, criterium of antiferromagnetic ordering and quantum-disordered state being investigated. The calculations taking into account magnon and incoherent…
Flocking models with metric and topological interactions are supposed to exhibit distinct features, as for instance the presence and absence of moving polar bands. On the other hand, quenched disorder (spatial heterogeneities) has been…
This paper is intended to demonstrate that there is no need to revise the existing theory of the transport properties of disordered conductors in the so-called weak localization regime. In particular, we demonstrate explicitly that recent…
The factorized form of the unitary coupled cluster ansatz is a popular state preparation ansatz for electronic structure calculations of molecules on quantum computers. It often is viewed as an approximation (based on the Trotter product…
The effect of coupling of quantized modes on transport and localization in ultrathin films with quantum size effect (QSE) is discussed. The emphasis is on comparison of films with Gaussian, exponential, and power-law long-range behavior of…
Based on dynamical density functional theory (DDFT) we consider a non-equilibrium system of interacting colloidal particles driven by a constant tilting force through a periodic, symmetric "washboard" potential. We demonstrate that, despite…
We propose scaling theories for Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) phase transitions on the basis of the hallmark exponential growth of their correlation length. Finite-size scaling, finite-entanglement scaling, short-time critical dynamics, and…