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We introduce three universality classes of chiral random matrix ensembles with a nonzero chemical potential and real, complex or quaternion real matrix elements. In the thermodynamic limit we find that the distribution of the eigenvalues in…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2008-11-26 M. A. Halasz , J. C. Osborn , J. J. M. Verbaarschot

Consider a random symmetric matrix with i.i.d.~entries on and above its diagonal that are products of Bernoulli random variables and random variables with sub-Gaussian tails. Such a matrix will be called a sparse Wigner matrix and can be…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-04-27 Fanny Augeri , Anirban Basak

Eigenvalues of Wigner matrices has been a major topic of investigation. A particularly important subclass of such random matrices is formed by the adjacency matrix of an Erd\H{o}s-R\'{e}nyi graph $\mathcal{G}_{n,p}$ equipped with i.i.d.…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-06-15 Shirshendu Ganguly , Ella Hiesmayr , Kyeongsik Nam

We address the construction of stable random matrix ensembles as the generalization of the stable random variables (Levy distributions). With a simple method we derive the Cauchy case, which is known to have remarkable properties. These…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Tierz

We analytically calculate the local density of states for Cauchy random band matrices with strongly fluctuating diagonal elements. The Breit-Wigner form for ordinary band matrices is replaced by a Levy distribution of index $\mu=1/2$ and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Klaus M. Frahm

Random Matrix Theory (RMT) has successfully modeled diverse systems, from energy levels of heavy nuclei to zeros of $L$-functions; this correspondence has allowed RMT to successfully predict many number theoretic behaviors. However there…

The largest eigenvalue of a matrix is always larger or equal than its largest diagonal entry. We show that for a large class of random Laplacian matrices, this bound is essentially tight: the largest eigenvalue is, up to lower order terms,…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-07-28 Afonso S. Bandeira

In this paper we consider Wigner random matrices -- symmetric n by n random matrices whose entries are independent identically distributed real random variables. We prove that the probability distribution of one or several eigenvalues close…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-11-29 Anastasia A. Ruzmaikina

This paper introduces the Eigenvalue-Based Randomness (EBR) test - a novel approach rooted in the Tracy-Widom law from random matrix theory - and applies it to the context of residual analysis in panel data models. Unlike traditional…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-07 Marcell T. Kurbucz , Betsabé Pérez Garrido , Antal Jakovác

In this paper, we investigate the spectral properties of the adjacency and the Laplacian matrices of random graphs. We prove that: (i) the law of large numbers for the spectral norms and the largest eigenvalues of the adjacency and the…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-11-12 Xue Ding , Tiefeng Jiang

This paper is concerned with the asymptotic distribution of the largest eigenvalues for some nonlinear random matrix ensemble stemming from the study of neural networks. More precisely we consider $M= \frac{1}{m} YY^\top$ with $Y=f(WX)$…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-14 Lucas Benigni , Sandrine Péché

Non-Hermitian random matrices with statistical spectral characteristics beyond the standard Ginibre ensembles have recently emerged in the description of dissipative quantum many-body systems as well as in non-ergodic wave transport in…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Gernot Akemann , Yan V. Fyodorov , Dmitry V. Savin

Let $X_N$ be an $N\ts N$ random symmetric matrix with independent equidistributed entries. If the law $P$ of the entries has a finite second moment, it was shown by Wigner \cite{wigner} that the empirical distribution of the eigenvalues of…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-07-17 Gerard Ben Arous , Alice Guionnet

The random variable $1+z_1+z_1z_2+\dots$ appears in many contexts and was shown by Kesten to exhibit a heavy tail distribution. We consider natural extensions of this variable and its associated recursion to $N \times N$ matrices either…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-08-03 Tristan Gautié , Jean-Philippe Bouchaud , Pierre Le Doussal

The distribution of eigenvalues of N times N random matrices in the limit N to infinity is the solution to a variational principle that determines the ground state energy of a confined fluid of classical unit charges. This fact is a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Michael K. -H. Kiessling , Herbert Spohn

These notes provide an introduction to the local semicircle law from random matrix theory, as well as some of its applications. We focus on Wigner matrices, Hermitian random matrices with independent upper-triangular entries with zero…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-09-11 Florent Benaych-Georges , Antti Knowles

We consider $N\times N$ Hermitian random matrices with i.i.d. entries. The matrix is normalized so that the average spacing between consecutive eigenvalues is of order $1/N$. We study the connection between eigenvalue statistics on…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-06-25 László Erdős , Benjamin Schlein , Horng-Tzer Yau

This article presents maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) and log-likelihood ratio (LLR) tests for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of Gaussian random symmetric matrices of arbitrary dimension, where the observations are independent…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-01-22 Armin Schwartzman , Walter F. Mascarenhas , Jonathan E. Taylor

In this article we study in detail a family of random matrix ensembles which are obtained from random permutations matrices (chosen at random according to the Ewens measure of parameter $\theta>0$) by replacing the entries equal to one by…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-05-05 Joseph Najnudel , Ashkan Nikeghbali

We consider general self-adjoint polynomials in several independent random matrices whose entries are centered and have the same variance. We show that under certain conditions the local law holds up to the optimal scale, i.e., the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-11-14 László Erdős , Torben Krüger , Yuriy Nemish