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Factor graphs are important models for succinctly representing probability distributions in machine learning, coding theory, and statistical physics. Several computational problems, such as computing marginals and partition functions, arise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-09 Damian Straszak , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

Tensor network contraction is a fundamental computational challenge underlying quantum many-body physics, statistical mechanics, and machine learning. Belief propagation (BP) provides an efficient approximate solution, but introduces…

Belief propagation (BP) algorithm is a widely used message-passing method for inference in graphical models. BP on loop-free graphs converges in linear time. But for graphs with loops, BP's performance is uncertain, and the understanding of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-30 Dong Liu , Minh Thành Vu , Zuxing Li , Lars K. Rasmussen

We describe a novel approach to statistical learning from particles tracked while moving in a random environment. The problem consists in inferring properties of the environment from recorded snapshots. We consider here the case of a fluid…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-06-09 Michael Chertkov , Lukas Kroc , Massimo Vergassola

We first present an empirical study of the Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm, when run on the random field Ising model defined on random regular graphs in the zero temperature limit. We introduce the notion of maximal solutions for the BP…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-02-01 Gabriele Perugini , Federico Ricci-Tersenghi

Recently, M. Chertkov and V.Y. Chernyak derived an exact expression for the partition sum (normalization constant) corresponding to a graphical model, which is an expansion around the Belief Propagation solution. By adding correction terms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-11-10 Vicenc Gomez , J. M. Mooij , H. J. Kappen

Belief Propagation (BP) is a popular, distributed heuristic for performing MAP computations in Graphical Models. BP can be interpreted, from a variational perspective, as minimizing the Bethe Free Energy (BFE). BP can also be used to solve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-05-20 Andrew Gelfand , Jinwoo Shin , Michael Chertkov

Belief propagation (BP) provides a scalable heuristic for contracting tensor networks on loopy graphs, but its success in quantum many-body settings has largely rested on empirical evidence. Developing upon a recently introduced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-06 Siddhant Midha , Grace M. Sommers , Joseph Tindall , Dmitry A. Abanin

Belief Propagation (BP) is an efficient message-passing algorithm widely used for inference in graphical models and for solving various problems in statistical physics. However, BP often yields inaccurate estimates of order parameters and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Seongmin Kim , Alec Kirkley

It is well known that an arbitrary graphical model of statistical inference defined on a tree, i.e. on a graph without loops, is solved exactly and efficiently by an iterative Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm convergent to unique minimum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Michael Chertkov

We describe a plausible-speculative form of quantum computation which exploits particle (fermionic, bosonic) statistics, under a generalized, counterfactual interpretation thereof. In the idealized situation of an isolated system, it seems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Giuseppe Castagnoli , Dalida Monti

A research frontier has emerged in scientific computation, wherein numerical error is regarded as a source of epistemic uncertainty that can be modelled. This raises several statistical challenges, including the design of statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-19 François-Xavier Briol , Chris. J. Oates , Mark Girolami , Michael A. Osborne , Dino Sejdinovic

Belief Propagation (BP) is one of the most popular methods for inference in probabilistic graphical models. BP is guaranteed to return the correct answer for tree structures, but can be incorrect or non-convergent for loopy graphical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-06-22 Siamak Ravanbakhsh , Chun-Nam Yu , Russell Greiner

We discuss a generic model of Bayesian inference with binary variables defined on edges of a planar graph. The Loop Calculus approach of [1, 2] is used to evaluate the resulting series expansion for the partition function. We show that, for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-05-21 Michael Chertkov , Vladimir Y. Chernyak , Razvan Teodorescu

Belief propagation (BP) can be a useful tool to approximately contract a tensor network, provided that the contributions from any closed loops in the network are sufficiently weak. In this manuscript we describe how a loop series expansion…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Glen Evenbly , Nicola Pancotti , Ashley Milsted , Johnnie Gray , Garnet Kin-Lic Chan

Partition functions for non-interacting particles are known to be symmetric functions. It is shown that powerful group-theoretical techniques can be used not only to derive these relationships, but also to significantly simplify calculation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 A. B. Balantekin

It is known that fixed points of loopy belief propagation (BP) correspond to stationary points of the Bethe variational problem, where we minimize the Bethe free energy subject to normalization and marginalization constraints.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Tomas Werner

These notes are intended as an introduction to a study of applications of noncommutative calculus to quantum statistical Physics. Centered on noncommutative calculus we describe the physical concepts and mathematical structures appearing in…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-10-09 W. A. Majewski

In this paper we continue the investigation of partition functions of critical systems on a rectangle initiated in [R. Bondesan et al, Nucl.Phys.B862:553-575,2012]. Here we develop a general formalism of rectangle boundary states using…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-11-21 Roberto Bondesan , Jesper Lykke Jacobsen , Hubert Saleur

The number partition problem is a well-known problem, which is one of 21 Karp's NP-complete problems \cite{karp}. The partition function is a boolean function that is equivalent to the number partition problem with number range restricted.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-12-25 Chuyu Xiong