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The transition density of a diffusion process does not admit an explicit expression in general, which prevents the full maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) based on discretely observed sample paths. A\"{\i}t-Sahalia [J. Finance 54 (1999)…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-03-12 Jinyuan Chang , Song Xi Chen

Cognitive processes undergo various fluctuations and transient states across different temporal scales. Superstatistics are emerging as a flexible framework for incorporating such non-stationary dynamics into existing cognitive model…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-02 Lukas Schumacher , Martin Schnuerch , Andreas Voss , Stefan T. Radev

This paper concerns the use of the expectation-maximisation (EM) algorithm for inference in partially observed diffusion processes. In this context, a well known problem is that all except a few diffusion processes lack closed-form…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-08-18 Jimmy Olsson , Jonas Ströjby

We consider the problem of statistical inference for the effective dynamics of multiscale diffusion processes with (at least) two widely separated characteristic time scales. More precisely, we seek to determine parameters in the effective…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-05-30 Sebastian Krumscheid , Grigorios A. Pavliotis , Serafim Kalliadasis

Probabilistic regression models the entire predictive distribution of a response variable, offering richer insights than classical point estimates and directly allowing for uncertainty quantification. While diffusion-based generative models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Carlo Kneissl , Christopher Bülte , Philipp Scholl , Gitta Kutyniok

With a view to statistical inference for discretely observed diffusion models, we propose simple methods of simulating diffusion bridges, approximately and exactly. Diffusion bridge simulation plays a fundamental role in likelihood and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-03-10 Mogens Bladt , Michael Sørensen

We study the performance of nonparametric Bayes procedures for one-dimensional diffusions with periodic drift. We improve existing convergence rate results for Gaussian process (GP) priors with fixed hyper parameters. Moreover, we exhibit…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-15 Jan van Waaij , Harry van Zanten

Score-based diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable empirical success in learning high-dimensional distributions, particularly those exhibiting low-dimensional and multi-modal structures. However, theoretical understanding of their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-29 Jingda Wu , Changxiao Cai

This paper deals with the problem of outliers in high frequency observation data from diffusion processes. Robust estimation methods are needed because the inclusion of outliers can lead to incorrect statistical inference even in the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-06 Tomoyuki Nakagawa , Yusuke Shimizu

Diffusion Models are probabilistic models that create realistic samples by simulating the diffusion process, gradually adding and removing noise from data. These models have gained popularity in domains such as image processing, speech…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Md Manjurul Ahsan , Shivakumar Raman , Yingtao Liu , Zahed Siddique

For complex simulation problems, inferring parameters often precludes the use of classical likelihood-based techniques due to intractable likelihoods. Simulation-based inference (SBI) methods offer a likelihood-free approach to directly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Haley Rosso , Talea Mayo

We introduce closed-form transition density expansions for multivariate affine jump-diffusion processes. The expansions rely on a general approximation theory which we develop in weighted Hilbert spaces for random variables which possess…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-01-07 Damir Filipović , Eberhard Mayerhofer , Paul Schneider

The Wright-Fisher (W-F) diffusion model serves as a foundational framework for interpreting population evolution through allele frequency dynamics over time. Despite the known transition probability between consecutive generations, an exact…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-24 Tania Roa , María Inés Fariello , Gerardo Martínez , José León

Diffusion models have led to significant advancements in generative modelling. Yet their widespread adoption poses challenges regarding data attribution and interpretability. In this paper, we aim to help address such challenges in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Bruno Mlodozeniec , Runa Eschenhagen , Juhan Bae , Alexander Immer , David Krueger , Richard Turner

Due to their conjugate posteriors, Gaussian process priors are attractive for estimating the drift of stochastic differential equations with continuous time observations. However, their performance strongly depends on the choice of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-04 Jan van Waaij

Transformers are often the go-to architecture to build foundation models that ingest a large amount of training data. But these models do not estimate the probability density distribution when trained on regression problems, yet obtaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Henry W. Leung , Jo Bovy , Joshua S. Speagle

Data assimilation plays a crucial role in numerical modeling, enabling the integration of real-world observations into mathematical models to enhance the accuracy and predictive capabilities of simulations. This approach is widely applied…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-08 Alexander Lobbe , Dan Crisan , Oana Lang

Diffusion models achieve state-of-the-art performance in various generation tasks. However, their theoretical foundations fall far behind. This paper studies score approximation, estimation, and distribution recovery of diffusion models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Minshuo Chen , Kaixuan Huang , Tuo Zhao , Mengdi Wang

We discuss parametric estimation of a degenerate diffusion system from time-discrete observations. The first component of the degenerate diffusion system has a parameter $\theta_1$ in a non-degenerate diffusion coefficient and a parameter…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-25 Arnaud Gloter , Nakahiro Yoshida

The paper presents new simple sharp bounds for transition density functions for time-homogeneous diffusions processes. The bounds are obtained under mild conditions on the drift and diffusion coefficients, extending and substantially…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-12-08 Andrew N. Downes