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Related papers: Penetration depth for shallow impact cratering

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We investigate the impact of a free-falling water drop onto a granular layer. First, we constructed a phase diagram of crater shapes with two control parameters, impact speed and grain size. A low-speed impact makes a deeper cylindrical…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2011-02-17 H. Katsuragi

When a granular material is impacted by a sphere, its surface deforms like a liquid yet it preserves a circular crater like a solid. Although the mechanism of granular impact cratering by solid spheres is well explored, our knowledge on…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-22 Runchen Zhao , Qianyun Zhang , Hendro Tjugito , Xiang Cheng

This study experimentally examines the entry and penetration of a superhydrophobic sphere into a quiescent deep pool, with special emphasis placed on the primary and secondary pinch-off of the air cavity existing in its wake. Two aspects…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-09-05 Prasanna Kumar Billa , Cameron Tropea , Pallab Sinha Mahapatra

Sudden release of energy in explosion creates craters in granular media. In comparison with well-studied impact cratering in granular media, our understanding of explosion cratering is still primitive. Here, we study low-energy lab-scale…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-12-30 Tianyu Liu , Boen Cao , Xiao Liu , Ting-Pi Sun , Xiang Cheng

We consider the penetration dynamics of a vertical cylinder into a dry granular medium subjected to successive impacts. The depth of the impactor below the free surface $z_N$ first evolves linearly with the impact number $N$ and then…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-11-17 Antoine Seguin , Yann Bertho , Baptiste Darbois Texier

Combining high-speed photography with laser profilometry, we study the dynamics and the morphology of liquid-drop impact cratering in wet granular media---a ubiquitous phenomenon relevant to many important geological, agricultural, and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-10-29 Qianyun Zhang , Ming Gao , Runchen Zhao , Xiang Cheng

The penetration of projectiles into granular materials has been mainly studied using spherical intruders. Here we explore the dynamics of rods penetrating vertically in a two-dimensional granular bed composed of expanded polystyrene…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-31 J. E. Benítez-Zamudio , S. Hidalgo-Caballero , F. Pacheco-Vázquez

Droplets with different Weber numbers We impacting meshes at various inclination angles were investigated using high-speed photography. It was found that the droplet mesh penetration can be completely suppressed by inclining the mesh. The…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-12-21 Long Xu , Shaoqiang Zong , Jiguang Hao , J. M. Floryan

We introduce a model of attractive penetrable spheres by adding a short range attractive square well outside a penetrable core, and we provide a detailed analysis of structural and thermodynamical properties in one dimension using the exact…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-09-24 Andres Santos , Riccardo Fantoni , Achille Giacometti

For equilibrium hard spheres the stochastic geometry of the insertion space, the room to accommodate another sphere, relates exactly to the equation of state. We begin to extend this idea to active matter, analyzing insertion space for…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-09-30 Luke K. Davis , Karel Proesmans

Understanding the penetration dynamics of intruders in granular beds is relevant not only for fundamental physics, but also for geophysical processes and construction on sediments or granular soils in areas potentially affected by…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-09-30 L. Alonso-Llanes , G. Sánchez-Colina , E. Martínez , A. J. Batista-Leyva , R. Toussaint , E. Altshuler

In this fluid dynamics video, we present an experimental investigation of the shape of impact craters in granular materials. Complex crater shapes, including polygons, have been observed in many terrestrial planets as well as moons and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2013-10-15 Philip Drexler , Nathan Keim , Paulo Arratia

Impact dynamics during collisions of spheres with granular media reveal a pronounced and non-trivial dependence on volume fraction \phi. Post impact crater morphology identifies the critical packing state \phi_{cps}, where sheared grains…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2010-07-19 Paul Umbanhowar , Daniel I. Goldman

We study the motion of a rigid sphere falling in a two-layer stratified fluid under the action of gravity in the potential flow regime. Experiments at a moderate Reynolds number of approximately 20 to 450 indicate that a sphere with the…

Drop impact events on wet granular bed show rich variety by changing the substrate composition. We observe the drop impact onto dry/wet granular substrates with different grain size (50-400 {\mu}m) and water content (0-22 vol %). Although…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-08-12 Wei Zhang , Hiroaki Katsuragi , Ken Yamamoto

We study poly-crystalline spherical drops of an aqueous suspension of highly charged colloidal spheres exposed to a colloid-free aqueous environment. Crystal contours were obtained from standard optical imaging. The crystal spheres first…

Impact dynamics is measured for spherical and cylindrical projectiles of many different densities dropped onto a variety non-cohesive granular media. The results are analyzed in terms of the material-dependent scaling of the inertial and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2013-05-30 H. Katsuragi , D. J. Durian

An experimental study of liquid drop impacts on a granular medium is proposed. Four fluids were used to vary physical properties: pure distilled water, water with glycerol at 2 concentrations 1:1 and 1:2 v/v and water with Tween 20 at the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2012-11-14 Elyes Nefzaoui , Olivier Skurtys

We have studied the splashing dynamics of water drops impacting granular layers. Depending on the drop kinetic energy, various shapes are observed for the resulting craters. Experimental parameters that have been considered are : the size…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2010-10-18 G. Delon , D. Terwagne , N. Adami , A. Bronfort , N. Vandewalle , S. Dorbolo , H. Caps

We investigate the roles of spin and packing fraction on the dynamics of cratering when a solid projectile impacts a granular bed at different incident angles. For that, we carried out DEM (discrete element method) computations in which we…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-31 Douglas Daniel de Carvalho , Erick de Moraes Franklin