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This paper aims to investigate how a central authority (e.g. a government) can increase social welfare in a network of markets and firms. In these networks, modeled using a bipartite graph, firms compete with each other \textit{\`a la}…
A simple heuristic model, including the multiple exchanges between economic agents, is used to explain the mechanism of emerging and maintenance of social inequality in the market economy. The model allows calculating a density function of…
With economic development, the complexity of infrastructure has increased drastically. Similarly, with the shift from fossil fuels to renewable sources of energy, there is a dire need for such systems that not only predict and forecast with…
Physics and economics are two disciplines that share the common challenge of linking microscopic and macroscopic behaviors. However, while physics is based on collective dynamics, economics is based on individual choices. This conceptual…
The involvement of the ecosystem or social environment of the disabled user is considered as very useful and even essential for the human-centered design of assistive technologies. In the era of model-based approaches, the modeling of the…
Segregation is a growing concern around the world. One of its main manifestations is the creation of ghettos, whose inhabitants have difficult access to well-paid jobs, which are often located far from their homes. In order to study this…
Multilateral index numbers are often used to make claims about welfare, such as treating PPPs as cross-country costs of living or real incomes as indicators of living standards. However, such interpretations may not be consistent with the…
Families form the basis of society, and anthropologists have characterised various family systems. This study developed a multi-level evolutionary model of pre-industrial agricultural societies to simulate the evolution of family systems…
Many recent models of trade dynamics use the simple idea of wealth exchanges among economic agents in order to obtain a stable or equilibrium distribution of wealth among the agents. In particular, a plain analogy compares the wealth in a…
We introduce a simple model of economy, where the time evolution is described by an equation capturing both exchange between individuals and random speculative trading, in such a way that the fundamental symmetry of the economy under an…
We consider a number of Artificial Chemistry models for economic activity and what consequences they have for the formation of economic inequality. We are particularly interested in what tax measures are effective in dampening economic…
For this special issue, the article aims at discussing a few econophysics problems studied so far rather successfully. The following "applications" in micro-econo-physics are considered : (i) financial crashes; it is emphasized that one can…
Efficient networking has a substantial economic and societal impact in a broad range of areas including transportation systems, wired and wireless communications and a range of Internet applications. As transportation and communication…
We propose a highly schematic economic model in which, in some cases, wage inequalities lead to higher overall social welfare. This is due to the fact that high earners can consume low productivity, non essential products, which allows…
The shift from a linear to a circular economy has the potential to simultaneously reduce uncertainties of material supplies and waste generation. However, to date, the development of robotic and, more generally, autonomous systems have been…
The recently introduced complex active optical network (LANER) generalizes the concept of laser system to a collection of links, building a bridge with random-laser physics and quantum-graphs theory. So far, LANERs have been studied with a…
Reducing wealth inequality and increasing utility are critical issues. This study reveals the effects of redistribution and consumption morals on wealth inequality and utility. To this end, we present a novel approach that couples the…
The role of energy communities in grid operations is highly dependent on the spatial distribution of their participants. In particular, when local energy producers and consumers are concentrated in different feeders, economic incentives…
This article describes mathematical methods for estimating the top-tail of the wealth distribution and therefrom the share of total wealth that the richest $p$ percent hold, which is an intuitive measure of inequality. As the data base for…
In this invited book chapter, we draw the reader to a brief review of the different Kinetic Exchange Models (KEMs) that have gradually developed for markets and how they can be employed to quantitatively study inequalities (the Gini Index…