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We present an efficient method for the design of anomalous reflectors for acoustic waves. The approach is based on the fact that the anomalous reflector is actually a diffraction grating in which the amplitude of all the modes is negligible…

Applied Physics · Physics 2018-08-15 Daniel Torrent

Attention mechanisms have become a foundational component in diffusion models, significantly influencing their capacity across a wide range of generative and discriminative tasks. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Litao Hua , Fan Liu , Jie Su , Xingyu Miao , Zizhou Ouyang , Zeyu Wang , Runze Hu , Zhenyu Wen , Bing Zhai , Yang Long , Haoran Duan , Yuan Zhou

Mathematical diffraction theory is concerned with the analysis of the diffraction image of a given structure and the corresponding inverse problem of structure determination. In recent years, the understanding of systems with continuous and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-10-04 Michael Baake , Uwe Grimm

Research on photonics and metamaterials constantly challenges our intuitive understanding of the behaviour of light. In recent years we have seen negative refraction, focusing of light by a flat slab, a ``perfect'' prism, and an…

Optics · Physics 2008-05-07 Neil V. Budko , Shreyas B. Raghunathan

The array of micro-prisms was described by model of multi-period blazed gratings consisting of triangular apertures. The origins of hexagram-shaped diffraction patterns were interpreted based on multiple-beam interference and diffraction…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-04 Yizhou Tan , Han Chen

The predominant success of diffusion models in generative modeling has spurred significant interest in understanding their theoretical foundations. In this work, we propose a feature learning framework aimed at analyzing and comparing the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-04 Andi Han , Wei Huang , Yuan Cao , Difan Zou

Spatially exponential distributions of material properties are ubiquitous in many natural and engineered systems, from the vertical distribution of the atmosphere to acoustic horns and anti-reflective coatings. These media seamlessly…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-04-09 Sichao Qu , Min Yang , Tenglong Wu , Yunfei Xu , Nicholas Fang , Shuyu Chen

Generative foundation models like Stable Diffusion comprise a diverse spectrum of knowledge in computer vision with the potential for transfer learning, e.g., via generating data to train student models for downstream tasks. This could…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Leonhard Hennicke , Christian Medeiros Adriano , Holger Giese , Jan Mathias Koehler , Lukas Schott

As a consequence of the wave nature of light, invisibility devices based on isotropic media cannot be perfect. The principal distortions of invisibility are due to reflections and time delays. Reflections can be made exponentially small for…

Optics · Physics 2009-11-11 Ulf Leonhardt

Diffusion models have achieved state-of-the-art performance, demonstrating remarkable generalisation capabilities across diverse domains. However, the mechanisms underpinning these strong capabilities remain only partially understood. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Tyler Farghly , Peter Potaptchik , Samuel Howard , George Deligiannidis , Jakiw Pidstrigach

We demonstrate that the experimental results reported by M. Shuker, O. Firstenberg, R. Pugatch, A. Ben-Kish,1 A. Ron, and N. Davidson, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 76}, 023813 (2007) as Dicke narrowing of electromagnetically induced transparency, does…

Optics · Physics 2007-11-14 S. M. Iftiquar

The evolution of RHEED reflexes intensity during reconstructed transitions characterizes (often implicitly) reconstructed surface state peculiarities. The approaches of a correct RHEED data interpretation, aimed at obtaining information…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-12-18 A. V. Vasev , M. A. Putyato , V. V. Preobrazhenskii

The recent interpretation of the positive resonance frequency shift in dielectric resonators loaded by water is reviewed. Instead of the invoked negative dielectric constant of water surface layer, it is demonstrated that the experimental…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2009-11-10 G. Annino , M. Cassettari

Diffusion models exhibit impressive generative capabilities but are significantly impacted by exposure bias. In this paper, we make a key observation: the energy of predicted noisy samples in the reverse process continuously declines…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Meng Yu , Kun Zhan

Perfect lensing using negative refractive index materials and radiationless electromagnetic interference both provide extreme subwavelength focusing by "amplifying" evanescent wave components that are usually lost. This paper provides a…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-03 Reuven Gordon

In this report, we demonstrate a new principle to improve the resolution of the acoustic microscopy, which is based on the sub-wavelength focusing of acoustic wave passing through an acoustically transparent mesoscale particle. In the…

General Physics · Physics 2017-12-06 I. V. Minin , Q. Tang , S. Bhuyan , J. Hu , O. V. Minin

We study light propagation in nanoscale periodic structures composed of dielectric and metal in the visible range. We demonstrate that diffraction can be tailored both in magnitude and in sign by varying the geometric features of the…

Inspired by [25], this paper investigates subwavelength bandgaps in phononic crystals consisting of periodically arranged hard elastic materials embedded in a soft elastic background medium. Our contributions are threefold. First, we…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-03-28 Yuanchun Ren , Bochao Chen , Yixian Gao , Peijun Li

Multifractal properties of wave functions in a disordered system can be derived from self-consistent theory of localization by Vollhardt and Woelfle. A diagrammatic interpretation of results allows to obtain all scaling relations used in…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-01-27 I. M. Suslov

Unprecedented atomic-scale measurement resolution has recently been demonstrated in single-shot optical localization metrology based on deep-learning analyses of diffraction patterns of topologically structured light scattered from objects.…

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