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In this paper, we pose a hypothesis that the structure of communities in complex networks may result from their latent fractal properties. This hypothesis is based not only on the general observation that many real networks have multilevel…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-09-21 Mateusz Samsel , Kordian Makulski , Michał Łepek , Agata Fronczak , Piotr Fronczak

We consider fixed-point equations for probability distributions on isometry classes of measured metric spaces. The construction is required to be recursive and tree-like, but we allow loops for the geodesics between points in the support of…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-04-25 Lucas Iziquel

We prove that for random affine code tree fractals the affinity dimension is almost surely equal to the unique zero of the pressure function. As a consequence, we show that the Hausdorff, packing and box counting dimensions of such systems…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-07-27 Esa Järvenpää , Maarit Järvenpää , Meng Wu , Wen Wu

We study the asymptotic number of certain monotonically labeled increasing trees arising from a generalized evolution process. The main difference between the presented model and the classical model of binary increasing trees is that the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-30 Olivier Bodini , Antoine Genitrini , Bernhard Gittenberger , Stephan Wagner

We study a general model of random dynamical simplicial complexes and derive a formula for the asymptotic degree distribution. This asymptotic formula encompasses results for a number of existing models, including random Apollonian networks…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-03-22 Nikolaos Fountoulakis , Tejas Iyer , Cécile Mailler , Henning Sulzbach

Uncovering causal relationships in data is a major objective of data analytics. Causal relationships are normally discovered with designed experiments, e.g. randomised controlled trials, which, however are expensive or infeasible to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Jiuyong Li , Saisai Ma , Thuc Duy Le , Lin Liu , Jixue Liu

We show that products of sufficiently thick Cantor sets generate trees in the plane with constant distance between adjacent vertices. Moreover, we prove that the set of choices for this distance has non-empty interior. We allow our trees to…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Alex McDonald , Krystal Taylor

We present a framework to calculate the cascade size evolution for a large class of cascade models on random network ensembles in the limit of infinite network size. Our method is exact and applies to network ensembles with almost arbitrary…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-04-25 Rebekka Burkholz , Frank Schweitzer

The problem of estimating high-dimensional network models arises naturally in the analysis of many physical, biological and socio-economic systems. Examples include stock price fluctuations in financial markets and gene regulatory networks…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-10-09 Sumanta Basu , Ali Shojaie , George Michailidis

Hierarchical tree structures are common in many real-world systems, from tree roots and branches to neuronal dendrites and biologically inspired artificial neural networks, as well as in technological networks for organizing and searching…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-02-04 Davide Cipollini , Lambert Schomaker

In this paper we present a comprehensive view of prominent causal discovery algorithms, categorized into two main categories (1) assuming acyclic and no latent variables, and (2) allowing both cycles and latent variables, along with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-09-13 Karamjit Singh , Garima Gupta , Vartika Tewari , Gautam Shroff

During the last decade, self-affine geometrical properties of many growing aggregates, originated in a wide variety of processes, have been well characterized. However, little progress has been achieved in the search of a unified…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Federico Roma , Claudio M. Horowitz , Ezequiel V. Albano

We present families of combinatorial classes described as trees with nodes that can carry one of two types of "flowers": integer partitions or integer compositions. Two parameters on the flowers of trees will be considered: the number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-05 Ricardo Gómez Aíza

Structural causal models are the basic modelling unit in Pearl's causal theory; in principle they allow us to solve counterfactuals, which are at the top rung of the ladder of causation. But they often contain latent variables that limit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Marco Zaffalon , Alessandro Antonucci , Rafael Cabañas

In recent years, causal modelling has been used widely to improve generalization and to provide interpretability in machine learning models. To determine cause-effect relationships in the absence of a randomized trial, we can model causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Rohan Giriraj , Sinnu Susan Thomas

When considering the number of subtrees of trees, the extremal structures which maximize this number among binary trees and trees with a given maximum degree lead to some interesting facts that correlate to other graphical indices in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-11 Xiu-Mei Zhang , Xiao-Dong Zhang , Daniel Gray , Hua Wang

In this paper, we consider the random plane forest uniformly drawn from all possible plane forests with a given degree sequence. Under suitable conditions on the degree sequences, we consider the limit of a sequence of such forests with the…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-04-10 Tao Lei

We deduce a structurally inductive description of the determinantal probability measure associated with Kalai's celebrated enumeration result for higher--dimensional spanning trees of the $n-1$--simplex. As a consequence, we derive the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-11 Andrew Vander Werf

We propose a method to infer causal structures containing both discrete and continuous variables. The idea is to select causal hypotheses for which the conditional density of every variable, given its causes, becomes smooth. We define a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2009-10-30 Dominik Janzing , Xiaohai Sun , Bernhard Schoelkopf

This extended abstract is dedicated to the analysis of the height of non-plane unlabelled rooted binary trees. The height of such a tree chosen uniformly among those of size $n$ is proved to have a limiting theta distribution, both in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-07-16 Nicolas Broutin , Philippe Flajolet