Related papers: A Non-Gaussian Option Pricing Model with Skew
Option pricing formulas are derived from a non-Gaussian model of stock returns. Fluctuations are assumed to evolve according to a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation which maximizes the Tsallis nonextensive entropy of index $q$. A generalized…
Options are financial instruments that depend on the underlying stock. We explain their non-Gaussian fluctuations using the nonextensive thermodynamics parameter $q$. A generalized form of the Black-Scholes (B-S) partial differential…
We derive an extremal fractional Gaussian by employing the L\'evy-Khintchine theorem and L\'evian noise. With the fractional Gaussian we then generalize the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing formula. We obtain an easily applicable and…
This paper develops a European option pricing formula for fractional market models. Although there exist option pricing results for a fractional Black-Scholes model, they are established without accounting for stochastic volatility. In this…
The true probability of a European call option to achieve positive return is investigated under the Black-Scholes model. It is found that the probability is determined by those market factors appearing in the BS formula, besides the growth…
Volatility clustering, long-range dependence, and non-Gaussian scaling are stylized facts of financial assets dynamics. They are ignored in the Black & Scholes framework, but have a relevant impact on the pricing of options written on…
Real life hedging in the Black-Scholes model must be imperfect and if the stock's drift is higher than the risk free rate, leads to a profit on average. Hence the option price is examined as a fair game agreement between the parties, based…
The Constant Elasticity of Variance (CEV) model significantly outperforms the Black-Scholes (BS) model in forecasting both prices and options. Furthermore, the CEV model has a marked advantage in capturing basic empirical regularities such…
We consider the problem of option pricing and hedging when stock returns are correlated in time. Within a quadratic-risk minimisation scheme, we obtain a general formula, valid for weakly correlated non-Gaussian processes. We show that for…
There is a well developed framework, the Black-Scholes theory, for the pricing of contracts based on the future prices of certain assets, called options. This theory assumes that the probability distribution of the returns of the underlying…
The standard Black-Scholes theory of option pricing is extended to cope with underlying return fluctuations described by general probability distributions. A Langevin process and its related Fokker-Planck equation are devised to model the…
Following the foundational work of the Black--Scholes model, extensive research has been developed to price the option by addressing its underlying assumptions and associated pricing biases. This study introduces a novel framework for…
We observe that a European Call option with strike $L > K$ can be seen as a Call option with strike $L-K$ on a Call option with strike $K$. Under no arbitrage assumptions, this yields immediately that the prices of the two contracts are the…
We study the Heston model for pricing European options on stocks with stochastic volatility. This is a Black\--Scholes\--type equation whose spatial domain for the logarithmic stock price $x\in \RR$ and the variance $v\in (0,\infty)$ is the…
In this paper, we price European Call three different option pricing models, where the volatility is dynamically changing i.e. non constant. In stochastic volatility (SV) models for option pricing a closed form approximation technique is…
We consider closed-form approximations for European put option prices within the Heston and GARCH diffusion stochastic volatility models with time-dependent parameters. Our methodology involves writing the put option price as an expectation…
A new theory for pricing options of a stock is presented. It is based on the assumption that while successive variations in return are uncorrelated, the frequency with which a stock is traded depends on the value of the return. The solution…
In this paper we analyze a nonlinear Black--Scholes model for option pricing under variable transaction costs. The diffusion coefficient of the nonlinear parabolic equation for the price $V$ is assumed to be a function of the underlying…
Drawing insights from the triumph of relativistic over classical mechanics when velocities approach the speed of light, we explore a similar improvement to the seminal Black-Scholes (Black and Scholes (1973)) option pricing formula by…
We study specific nonlinear transformations of the Black-Scholes implied volatility to show remarkable properties of the volatility surface. Model-free bounds on the implied volatility skew are given. Pricing formulas for the European…