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Related papers: Maximal work extraction from quantum systems

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Quantum thermal states are known to be passive, as required by the second law of thermodynamics. This paper investigates the potential for work extraction by coupling a thermal bath to a qubit of either spin, fermionic, or topological type,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Jhh-Jing Hong , Feng-Li Lin

In developing quantum science and technologies, it is essential to demonstrate the so-called quantum advantages, which are performances that can be achieved only with the assistance of quantum resources. Most of the time, different quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Chung-Yun Hsieh , Manuel Gessner

A unified thermodynamic formalism describing the efficiency of learning is proposed. First, we derive an inequality, which is more strength than Clausius's inequality, revealing the lower bound of the entropy-production rate of a subsystem.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-15 Shanhe Su , Ousi Pan , Shihao Xia , Jincan Chen , Chikako Uchiyama

Presence of correlations among the constituent quantum systems has a great relevance in thermodynamics. Significant efforts have been devoted to investigate the role of correlations in work extraction, among others. Here, we derive a bound…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-22 Mir Alimuddin , Tamal Guha , Preeti Parashar

Quantum open systems evolve according to completely positive, trace preserving maps acting on the density operator, which can equivalently be unraveled in term of so-called quantum trajectories. These stochastic sequences of pure states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 Cyril Elouard , Hamed Mohammady

The statistics of work done on a quantum system can be quantified by the two-point measurement scheme. We show how the Shannon entropy of the work distribution admits a general upper bound depending on the initial diagonal entropy, and a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-04 Anthony Kiely , Eoin O'Connor , Thomás Fogarty , Gabriel T. Landi , Steve Campbell

We consider continuously monitored quantum systems and introduce definitions of work and heat along individual quantum trajectories that are valid for coherent superpositions of energy eigenstates. We use these quantities to extend the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-22 Jose Joaquin Alonso , Eric Lutz , Alessandro Romito

How to rigorously define thermodynamic quantities such as heat, work, and internal energy in open quantum systems driven far from equilibrium remains a significant open question in quantum thermodynamics. Heat is a quantity whose…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-07-18 Parth Kumar , Charles A. Stafford

Nonlocality is a defining feature of quantum mechanics and has long served as a key indicator of quantum resources since the formulation of Bell's inequalities. Identifying the contribution of nonlocality to extractable work remains a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-17 B. Vigneshwar , R. Sankaranarayanan

It is possible to extract work from a quantum-mechanical system whose dynamics is governed by a time-dependent cyclic Hamiltonian. An energy bath is required to operate such a quantum engine in place of the heat bath used to run a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 C. M. Bender , D. C. Brody , B. K. Meister

We theoretically analyze the Photosystem II reaction center using a quantum master equation approach, where excitonic and charge-transfer rates are computed at the Redfield and F\"orster levels with realistic spectral densities. The focus…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Trishna Kalita , Manash Jyoti Sarmah , Javed Akhtar , Himangshu Prabal Goswami

We derive the optimal estimates of the free energies of an arbitrary number of thermodynamic states from nonequilibrium work measurements; the work data are collected from forward and reverse switching processes and obey a fluctuation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 Paul Maragakis , Martin Spichty , Martin Karplus

Ergotropy provides a fundamental measure of the extractable work from a quantum system and, consequently, of the maximal useful energy, or charge, stored within it. Understanding how this quantity can be manipulated and transformed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 André H. A. Malavazi , Borhan Ahmadi , Paweł Horodecki , Pedro R. Dieguez

The study of quantum thermodynamics aims to elucidate the role played by quantum principles in the emergent features of quantum thermodynamic processes. Specifically, it is of fundamental importance to understand how quantum correlation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-13 Jaewon Lee , Changsuk Noh , Kabgyun Jeong , Hyunchul Nha

We investigate the extraction of thermodynamic work by a Maxwell's demon in a multipartite quantum correlated system. We begin by adopting the standard model of a Maxwell's demon as a Turing machine, either in a classical or quantum setup…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-10 Helena C. Braga , Clodoaldo C. Rulli , Thiago R. de Oliveira , Marcelo S. Sarandy

The maximum unitarily extractable work from a quantum system -- ergotropy -- is the basic principle behind quantum batteries, a rapidly emerging field. This work studies ergotropy in two quantum chaotic systems, the quantum kicked top and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-11 Sreeram PG , J. Bharathi Kannan , S. Harshini Tekur , M. S. Santhanam

The theory of quantum thermodynamics investigates how the concepts of heat, work, and temperature can be carried over to the quantum realm, where fluctuations and randomness are fundamentally unavoidable. These lecture notes provide an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Patrick P. Potts

A sudden change in the macroscopic parameters of a system will cause it to depart from equilibrium. In this paper we study how a lack of change can also inform of such a departure, and allow for work extraction. Potential events that are…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-03 Sushrut Ghonge , Dervis Can Vural

A new thermodynamic inequality is derived which leads to the maximum work that can be extracted from multi-heat baths with the assistance of discrete quantum feedback control. The maximum work is determined by the free-energy difference and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Takahiro Sagawa , Masahito Ueda

Deriving the laws of thermodynamics from a microscopic picture is a central quest of statistical mechanics. This tutorial focuses on the derivation of the first and second law for closed and open quantum systems far from equilibrium, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-31 Philipp Strasberg , Andreas Winter