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We review Markov models of surplus in life insurance based on a counting process following Norberg (1991), uniting probabilistic theory with elements of practice largely drawn from UK experience. First, we organize models systematically…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-03 Oytun Haçarız , Torsten Kleinow , Angus S. Macdonald

We propose a model for an insurance loss index and the claims process of a single insurance company holding a fraction of the total number of contracts that captures both ordinary losses and losses due to catastrophes. In this model we…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2018-05-17 Andreas Eichler , Gunther Leobacher , Michaela Szölgyenyi

In this manuscript we propose a method for pricing insurance products that cover not only traditional risks, but also unforeseen ones. By considering the Poisson process parameter to be a mixed random variable, we capture the heterogeneity…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-08-10 Weihong Ni , Corina Constantinescu , Alfredo Egídio dos Reis , Véronique Maume-Deschamps

At the core of insurance business lies classification between risky and non-risky insureds, actuarial fairness meaning that risky insureds should contribute more and pay a higher premium than non-risky or less-risky ones. Actuaries,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-27 Vincent Grari , Arthur Charpentier , Marcin Detyniecki

Community rating is a policy that mandates uniform premium regardless of the risk factors. In this paper, our focus narrows to the single contract interpretation wherein we establish a theoretical framework for community rating using…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-12-12 Yann Braouezec , John Cagnol

We consider computation of market values of bonus payments in multi-state with-profit life insurance. The bonus scheme consists of additional benefits bought according to a dividend strategy that depends on the past realization of financial…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-11-07 Jamaal Ahmad , Kristian Buchardt , Christian Furrer

This paper develops a dynamic insurance market model comprising two competing insurance companies and a continuum of insureds, and examines the interaction between strategic underreporting by the insureds and competitive pricing between the…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-01-21 Zongxia Liang , Jiayu Zhang , Zhou Zhou , Bin Zou

In this paper we investigate the pricing problem of a pure endowment contract when the insurer has a limited information on the mortality intensity of the policyholder. The payoff of this kind of policies depends on the residual life time…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-07-23 Claudia Ceci , Katia Colaneri , Alessandra Cretarola

The frequent occurrence of natural disasters has posed significant challenges to society, necessitating the urgent development of effective risk management strategies. From the early informal community-based risk sharing mechanisms to…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-08-06 Lichen Wang , Shijia Hua , Yuyuan Liu , Zhengyuan Lu , Liang Zhang , Linjie Liu , Attila Szolnoki

I analyze long-term contracting in insurance markets with asymmetric information. The buyer privately observes her risk type, which evolves stochastically over time. A long-term contract specifies a menu of insurance policies, contingent on…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-09-01 Vitor Farinha Luz

With the rise of emerging risks, model uncertainty poses a fundamental challenge in the insurance industry, making robust pricing a first-order question. This paper investigates how insurers' robustness preferences shape competitive…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-20 Shunzhi Pang

This paper is the documentation of a pre-study performed by AXA Konzern AG in collaboration with Fraunhofer ITWM to assess the relevance of quantum computing for the insurance industry. Beside a general overview of the status quo of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-13 Michael Adam

Markov chains play a key role in a vast number of areas, including life insurance mathematics. Standard actuarial quantities as the premium value can be interpreted as compressed, lossy information about the underlying Markov process. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Mark Kiermayer , Christian Weiß

This paper investigates a Stackelberg game between an insurer and a reinsurer under the $\alpha$-maxmin mean-variance criterion. The insurer can purchase per-loss reinsurance from the reinsurer. With the insurer's feedback reinsurance…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-01-02 Guohui Guan , Zongxia Liang , Yilun Song

In this paper we propose a general framework for modeling an insurance liability cash flow in continuous time, by generalizing the reduced-form framework for credit risk and life insurance. In particular, we assume a nontrivial dependence…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-06-30 Francesca Biagini , Yinglin Zhang

The claim experience of the past is a very important information to calculate the fair price of an insurance contract. In a lot of European countries for instance the prices for motor car insurance depend on the number of claims the driver…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2010-09-22 Magda Schiegl

We study optimal proportional reinsurance and investment strategies for an insurance company which experiences both ordinary and catastrophic claims and wishes to maximize the expected exponential utility of its terminal wealth. We propose…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-05-18 Claudia Ceci , Katia Colaneri , Alessandra Cretarola

As insurers increasingly behave like financial intermediaries and actively participate in capital markets, understanding the dependence structure between insurance and financial risks becomes crucial for insurers' operations. This paper…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-20 Shunzhi Pang

This paper tackles challenges in pricing and revenue projections due to consumer uncertainty. We propose a novel data-based approach for firms facing unknown consumer type distributions. Unlike existing methods, we assume firms only observe…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-05-28 Duarte Gonçalves , Bruno A. Furtado

The insurance model when the amount of claims depends on the state of the insured person (healthy, ill, or dead) and claims are connected in a Markov chain is investigated. The signed compound Poisson approximation is applied to the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-13 Gabija Liaudanskaitė , Vydas Čekanavičius