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The measurements of very low level signals at low frequency is a very difficult problem, because environmental noise increases in this frequency domain and it is very difficult to filter it efficiently. In order to counteract these major…
The detectors in mass spectrometers are precise enough to count ion events. In practice, the statistics of chemical noise are affected by large quantization errors and overdispersion because of amplification in the detector. The detector…
We consider the design of a linear sensing system with a fixed energy budget assuming that the sampling noise is the dominant noise source. The energy constraint implies that the signal energy per measurement decreases linearly with the…
Fluctuations of the excess heat in an out of equilibrium steady state are experimentally investigated in two stochastic systems : an electric circuit with an imposed mean current and a harmonic oscillator driven out of equilibrium by a…
Noise is usually a hindrance to signal detection. As stressed by Landauer, however, noise can be an invaluable signal that reveals kinetics of charge particles. Understanding local non-equilibrium electron kinetics at nano-scale is of…
We propose a simple method to measure acoustic responses using any sounds by converting them suitable for measurement. This method enables us to use music pieces for measuring acoustic conditions. It is advantageous to measure such…
The problem of a linear damped noisy oscillator is treated in the presence of two multiplicative sources of noise which imply a random mass and random damping. The additive noise and the noise in the damping are responsible for an influx of…
Frequency estimation from measurements corrupted by noise is a fundamental challenge across numerous engineering and scientific fields. Among the pivotal factors shaping the resolution capacity of any frequency estimation technique are…
Mesoscopic systems -- small electric circuits working in quantum regime -- offer us a unique experimental stage to explorer quantum transport in a tunable and precise way. The purpose of this Review is to show how they can contribute to…
This article deals with the erratic and inconsistent phase-noise spectra often seen in low-noise oscillators, whose floor is of the order of $-180$ dBc/Hz or less. Such oscillators are generally measured with two-channel instruments based…
Current fluctuations are studied in a mesoscopic conductor using non-equilibrium Keldysh technique. We derive a general expression for the fluctuations in the presence of a time dependent voltage, valid for arbitrary relation between…
The term "measurement" in quantum theory (as well as in other physical theories) is ambiguous: It is used to describe both an experience - e.g., an observation in an experiment - and an interaction with the system under scrutiny. If doing…
Achieving quantum-enhanced performances when measuring unknown quantities requires developing suitable methodologies for practical scenarios, that include noise and the availability of a limited amount of resources. Here, we report on the…
We investigate the time-dependent fluctuations of the electric current injected from a reservoir with a non-equilibrium spin accumulation into a mesoscopic conductor. We show how the current noise power directly reflects the magnitude of…
Measurements of any property of a microscopic system are bound to show significant deviations from the average, due to thermal fluctuations. For time-integrated currents such as heat, work or entropy production in a steady state, it is in…
Estimation of a deterministic quantity observed in non-Gaussian additive noise is explored via order statistics approach. More specifically, we study the estimation problem when measurement noises either have positive supports or follow a…
Audio processing methods operating on a time-frequency representation of the signal can introduce unpleasant sounding artifacts known as musical noise. These artifacts are observed in the context of audio coding, speech enhancement, and…
The noise of signals or currents consisting from a sequence of pulses, elementary events or moving discrete objects (particles) is analyzed. A simple analytically solvable model is investigated in detail both analytically and numerically.…
In the absence of a pure noise-free image it is hard to define what noise is, in any original noisy image, and as a consequence also where it is, and in what amount. In fact, the definition of noise depends largely on our own aim in the…
We develop a system for measurements of power spectra of transmitted light intensity fluctuations, in which the extraneous noise, including shot noise, is reduced. In essence, we just apply light, measure the power of the transmitted light…