Related papers: U(1) Gauge Theory as Quantum Hydrodynamics
We define a class of machine-learned flow-based sampling algorithms for lattice gauge theories that are gauge-invariant by construction. We demonstrate the application of this framework to U(1) gauge theory in two spacetime dimensions, and…
We consider quantum gravitational corrections to Maxwell's equations on flat space background. Although the vacuum polarization is highly gauge dependent, we explicitly show that this gauge dependence is canceled by contributions from the…
Gauge invariant treatments of the second order cosmological perturbation in a four dimensional homogeneous isotropic universe filled with the perfect fluid are completely formulated without any gauge fixing. We derive all components of the…
The gauge field theories are usually quantized by fixing gauge. In this paper, we propose a new formalism that quantizes gauge fields without gauge fixing but naturally follows canonical formalism. New physical implications will follow.
We show the link between U1 lattice gauge theories and the off-equilibrium thermodynamics of a large class of nonlinear oscillators networks. The coupling between the oscillators plays the role of a gauge field, or connection, on the…
How to make compatible both boundary and gauge conditions for generally covariant theories using the gauge symmetry generated by first class constraints is studied. This approach employs finite gauge transformations in contrast with…
We consider gauge theories from the free evolution point of view, in which initial data satisfying constraints of a theory are given. Because the constraints are compatible with the field equations they remain so. We study a model…
In the usual approach to q-deformed gauge theories, the gauge fields are required to be non-local or non-commutative one's. If we introduce, however, an extended product, which we call `` $\star$-product\rq\rq, among the generators of a…
The energy density spectrum is an observable of gravitational waves. Divergence has appeared in the energy density spectra of the scalar induced gravitational waves for different gauge fixings. To resolve the discrepancy, we investigate the…
Gauge theories have been a cornerstone of the description of the world at the level of the fundamental particles. The Lagrangian or the action describing the corresponding interactions is invariant under certain gauge transformations. This…
The Hamiltonian formulation for a non-Abelian gauge theory in two spatial dimensions is carried out in terms of a gauge-invariant matrix parametrization of the fields. The Jacobian for the relevant transformation of variables is given in…
Irreducible gauge theories in both the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian versions of the Sp(2)-covariant quantization method are studied. Solutions to generating equations are obtained in the form of expansions in power series of ghost and…
These lectures present an elementary introduction to quantum gauge fields. The first aim is to show how, in the tree approximation, gauge invariance follows from covariance and unitarity. This leads to the standard construction of the…
The concept of gauge invariance is one of the most subtle and useful concepts in modern theoretical physics. It is one of the Standard Model cornerstones. The main benefit due to the gauge invariance is that it can permit the comprehension…
Gauge theories appear broadly in physics, ranging from the standard model of particle physics to long-wavelength descriptions of topological systems in condensed matter. However, systems with sign problems are largely inaccessible to…
We discuss the concept of gauge-invariant fields for non-abelian gauge theories. Infinitesimal fluctuations around a given gauge field can be split into physical and gauge fluctuations. Starting from some reference field the gauge-invariant…
In this letter we explore the dependence on the gauge fixing condition of several quantities in the U(1) Higgs model at finite temperature and chemical potential. We compute the effective potential at the one loop level, using a gauge…
A gauge-invariant wave equation for the dynamics of hybrid quantum-classical systems is formulated by combining the variational setting of Lagrangian paths in continuum theories with Koopman wavefunctions in classical mechanics. We identify…
The quantum gravity is formulated based on gauge principle. The model discussed in this paper has local gravitational gauge symmetry and gravitational field is represented by gauge potential. A preliminary study on gravitational gauge group…
Motivated by the recently established duality between elasticity of crystals and a fracton tensor gauge theory, we combine it with boson-vortex duality, to explicitly account for bosonic statistics of the underlying atoms. We thereby derive…