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Societal biases that are contained in retrieved documents have received increased interest. Such biases, which are often prevalent in the training data and learned by the model, can cause societal harms, by misrepresenting certain groups,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Maria Heuss , Daniel Cohen , Masoud Mansoury , Maarten de Rijke , Carsten Eickhoff

Generating models from large data sets -- and determining which subsets of data to mine -- is becoming increasingly automated. However choosing what data to collect in the first place requires human intuition or experience, usually supplied…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-05-20 Josh C. Bongard , Paul D. H. Hines , Dylan Conger , Peter Hurd , Zhenyu Lu

Class imbalance and distributional differences in large datasets present significant challenges for classification tasks machine learning, often leading to biased models and poor predictive performance for minority classes. This work…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-20 Alex Mak , Shubham Sahoo , Shivani Pandey , Yidan Yue , Linglong Kong

Recently, a phase transition has been discovered in the network community detection problem below which no algorithm can tell which nodes belong to which communities with success any better than a random guess. This result has, however, so…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-01-13 Pan Zhang , Cristopher Moore , M. E. J. Newman

In imperfect information games (e.g. Bridge, Skat, Poker), one of the fundamental considerations is to infer the missing information while at the same time avoiding the disclosure of private information. Disregarding the issue of protecting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Jérôme Arjonilla , Abdallah Saffidine , Tristan Cazenave

The flow of information reaching us via the online media platforms is optimized not by the information content or relevance but by popularity and proximity to the target. This is typically performed in order to maximise platform usage. As a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-06-19 Alina Sîrbu , Dino Pedreschi , Fosca Giannotti , János Kertész

Recent progress in the large scale mapping of social networks is opening new quantitative windows into the structure of human societies. These networks are largely the result of how we access and utilize information. Here I show that a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Luis M. A. Bettencourt

A method for aggregation of expert estimates in small groups is proposed. The method is based on combinatorial approach to decomposition of pair-wise comparison matrices and to processing of expert data. It also uses the basic principles of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-11-14 Vitaliy Tsyganok , Sergii Kadenko , Oleh Andriichuk , Pavlo Roik

In public opinion studies, the relationships between opinions on different topics are likely to shift based on the characteristics of the respondents. Thus, understanding the complexities of public opinion requires methods that can account…

In this paper, we propose a pubic opinion model with incorporation of asymmetric cognitive bias: confirmation bias and negativity bias. We then investigate the generic modeling guidance of capturing asymmetric confirmation bias and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Yanbing Mao , Naira Hovakimyan , Tarek Abdelzaher

This paper addresses the problem of rank aggregation, which aims to find a consensus ranking among multiple ranking inputs. Traditional rank aggregation methods are deterministic, and can be categorized into explicit and implicit methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-09-27 Shuzi Niu , Yanyan Lan , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

We study the formation of public opinion in a poll process where the current score is open to public. The voters are assumed to vote probabilistically for or against their own preference considering the group opinion collected up to then in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-05-23 Hyun Keun Lee , Yong Woon Kim

We study the design of efficient mechanisms under asymmetric awareness and information. Unawareness refers to the lack of conception rather than the lack of information. Assuming quasi-linear utilities and private values, we show that we…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-04-08 Kym Pram , Burkhard C. Schipper

We look at a collection of conjectures with the unifying message that smaller social systems, tend to be less complex and can be aligned better, towards fulfilling their intended objectives. We touch upon a framework, referred to as the…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2017-03-28 Ravi Kashyap

We develop a method allowing us to reconstruct individual tastes of customers from a sparsely connected network of their opinions on products, services, or each other. Two distinct phase transitions occur as the density of edges in this…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Sergei Maslov , Yi-Cheng Zhang

Collective behavior in online social media and networks is known to be capable of generating non-intuitive dynamics associated with crowd wisdom and herd behaviour. Even though these topics have been well-studied in social science, the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-05-16 Fernando Rosas , Kwang-Cheng Chen , Deniz Gunduz

We consider an agent community wishing to decide on several binary issues by means of issue-by-issue majority voting. For each issue and each agent, one of the two options is better than the other. However, some of the agents may be…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Shiri Alouf-Heffetz , Laurent Bulteau , Edith Elkind , Nimrod Talmon , Nicholas Teh

Statistical estimates can often be improved by fusion of data from several different sources. One example is so-called ensemble methods which have been successfully applied in areas such as machine learning for classification and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-09-03 Johan Dahlin , Pontus Svenson

There are many examples of 'wisdom of the crowd' effects in which the large number of participants imparts confidence in the collective judgment of the crowd. But how do we form an aggregated judgment when the size of the crowd is limited?…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-24 Giuseppe Nebbione , Derek Doran , Srikanth Nadella , Brandon Minnery

Randomness in scientific estimation is generally assumed to arise from unmeasured or uncontrolled factors. However, when combining subjective probability estimates, heterogeneity stemming from people's cognitive or information diversity is…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-05-28 Ville Satopää , Robin Pemantle , Lyle Ungar