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The aim of this paper is to propose a heterogeneous agent model of stock markets that develop complicated endogenous price fluctuations. We find occurrences of non-stationary chaos, or speculative bubble, are caused by the heterogeneity of…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2013-09-11 Taisei Kaizoji

We study how AI agents form expectations and trade in experimental asset markets. Using a simulated open-call auction populated by autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents, we document three main findings. First, AI agents exhibit…

General Economics · Economics 2026-04-21 Shumiao Ouyang , Pengfei Sui

Prices in financial markets exhibit extreme jumps far more often than can be accounted for by external news. Further, magnitudes of price changes are correlated over long times. These so called stylized facts are quantified by scaling laws…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2016-05-04 Felix Patzelt , Klaus Pawelzik

We study a class of heterogeneous agent-based models which are based on a basic set of principles, and the most fundamental operations of an economic system: trade and product transformations. A basic guiding principle is scale invariance,…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2009-02-24 Samuel E. Vazquez

A microscopic model of financial markets is considered, consisting of many interacting agents (spins) with global coupling and discrete-time thermal bath dynamics, similar to random Ising systems. The interactions between agents change…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-08-27 Andrzej Krawiecki , Janusz A. Holyst , and Dirk Helbing

Prediction markets mobilize financial incentives to forecast binary event outcomes through the aggregation of dispersed beliefs and heterogeneous information. Their growing popularity and demonstrated predictive accuracy in political…

General Economics · Economics 2026-01-29 Bridget Smart , Ebba Mark , Anne Bastian , Josefina Waugh

We develop a behavioral asset pricing model in which agents trade in a market with information friction. Profit-maximizing agents switch between trading strategies in response to dynamic market conditions. Due to noisy private information…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2019-05-02 Zhentao Shi , Huanhuan Zheng

Agent-based models help explain stock price dynamics as emergent phenomena driven by interacting investors. In this modeling tradition, investor behavior has typically been captured by two distinct mechanisms -- learning and heterogeneous…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Ryuji Hashimoto , Ryosuke Takata , Masahiro Suzuki , Yuki Tanaka , Kiyoshi Izumi

We consider a simplified version of the Wealth Game, which is an agent-based financial market model with many interesting features resembling the real stock market. Market makers are not present in the game so that the majority traders are…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-09-24 W. Y. Cheung , K. Y. Michael Wong

Agent-based models provide a constructive approach to studying emergent dynamics in life-like systems composed of interacting, adaptive agents. Financial markets serve as a canonical example of such systems, where collective price dynamics…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-04-28 Ryuji Hashimoto , Ryosuke Takata , Masahiro Suzuki , Yuki Tanaka , Kiyoshi Izumi

Standard economic theory assumes that agents in markets behave rationally. However, the observation of extremely large fluctuations in the price of financial assets that are not correlated to changes in their fundamental value, as well as…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-26 Sitabhra Sinha

Proving the existence of speculative financial bubbles even a posteriori has proven exceedingly difficult so anticipating a speculative bubble ex ante would at first seem an impossible task. Still as illustrated by the recent turmoil in…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2008-12-02 Magda Roszczynska , Andrzej Nowak , Daniel Kamieniarz , Sorin Solomon , Jorgen Vitting Andersen

An agent-based model with interacting low frequency liquidity takers inter-mediated by high-frequency liquidity providers acting collectively as market makers can be used to provide realistic simulated price impact curves. This is possible…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-08-23 Ivan Jericevich , Patrick Chang , Tim Gebbie

In this paper we present a continuous time dynamical model of heterogeneous agents interacting in a financial market where transactions are cleared by a market maker. The market is composed of fundamentalist, trend following and contrarian…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2008-12-10 Giuseppe Garofalo , Alessandro Sansone

We introduce an agent-based model, in which agents set their prices to maximize profit. At steady state the market self-organizes into three groups: excess producers, consumers and balanced agents, with prices determined by their own…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-01-03 Bin Li , K. Y. Michael Wong , Amos H. M. Chan , Tsz Yan So , Hermanni Heimonen , Junyi Wei , David Saad

We introduce a stochastic heterogeneous interacting-agent model for the short-time non-equilibrium evolution of excess demand and price in a stylized asset market. We consider a combination of social interaction within peer groups and…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2009-07-20 Gunter M. Schütz , Fernando Pigeard de Almeida Prado , Rosemary J. Harris , Vladimir Belitsky

Using Trades and Quotes data from the Paris stock market, we show that the random walk nature of traded prices results from a very delicate interplay between two opposite tendencies: long-range correlated market orders that lead to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-12-02 Jean-Philippe Bouchaud , Yuval Gefen , Marc Potters , Matthieu Wyart

Using high frequency data, we have studied empirically the change of volatility, also called volatility derivative, for various time horizons. In particular, the correlation between the volatility derivative and the volatility realized in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Gilles Zumbach , Paul Lynch

We present an agent behavior based microscopic model for diffusion price processes. As such we provide a model not only containing a convenient framework for describing socio-economic behavior, but also a sophisticated link to price…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-06-28 Christof Henkel

We present a dynamical model for the price evolution of financial assets. The model is based in a two level structure. In the first stage one finds an agent-based model that describes the present state of the investors' beliefs,…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2009-07-30 Miquel Montero