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Related papers: Guessing probability distributions from small samp…

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We show how to store good approximations of probability distributions in small space.

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-16 Travis Gagie

We propose a method to derive the stationary size distributions of a system, and the degree distributions of networks, using maximisation of the Gibbs-Shannon entropy. We apply this to a preferential attachment-type algorithm for systems of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-03-17 Cornelia Metzig , Caroline Colijn

We present a technique for constructing suitable posterior probability distributions in situations for which the sampling distribution of the data is not known. This is very useful for modern scientific data analysis in the era of "big…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-30 Steven Gratton

Methods have been developed to identify the probability distribution of a random vector $Z$ from information consisting of its bounded range and the probability density function or moments of a quantity of interest, $Q(Z)$. The mapping from…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-01-16 Wayne Isaac T. Uy , Mircea D. Grigoriu

Entropy is a central concept in physics, but can be challenging to calculate even for systems that are easily simulated. This is exacerbated out of equilibrium, where generally little is known about the distribution characterizing simulated…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-05-09 Samuel D. Gelman , Guy Cohen

The estimation of categorical distributions under marginal constraints summarizing some sample from a population in the most-generalizable way is key for many machine-learning and data-driven approaches. We provide a parameter-agnostic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-11-17 Orestis Loukas , Ho Ryun Chung

A new two-parameter discrete distribution, namely the PoiG distribution is derived by the convolution of a Poisson variate and an independently distributed geometric random variable. This distribution generalizes both the Poisson and…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-11 Anupama Nandi , Subrata Chakraborty , Aniket Biswas

Probability estimation is an elementary building block of every statistical data compression algorithm. In practice probability estimation is often based on relative letter frequencies which get scaled down, when their sum is too large.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-12 Christopher Mattern

In this paper we will look at the distribution with which passwords are chosen. Zipf's Law is commonly observed in lists of chosen words. Using password lists from four different on-line sources, we will investigate if Zipf's law is a good…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-09-02 David Malone , Kevin Maher

Statistical inference for extreme values of random events is difficult in practice due to low sample sizes and inaccurate models for the studied rare events. If prior knowledge for extreme values is available, Bayesian statistics can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-18 Tobias Kallehauge

Probabilistic embeddings have several advantages over deterministic embeddings as they map each data point to a distribution, which better describes the uncertainty and complexity of data. Many works focus on adjusting the distribution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Xiang Huang , Hao Peng , Li Sun , Hui Lin , Chunyang Liu , Jiang Cao , Philip S. Yu

Prompted by the realisation that the statistical entropy of an ideal gas in the micro-canonical ensemble should not fluctuate or change over time, the meaning of the H-theorem is re-interpreted from the perspective of information theory in…

General Physics · Physics 2013-01-09 David Sands , Jeremy Dunning-Davies

We revisit the well-studied problem of estimating the Shannon entropy of a probability distribution, now given access to a probability-revealing conditional sampling oracle. In this model, the oracle takes as input the representation of a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Priyanka Golia , Brendan Juba , Kuldeep S. Meel

We develop a diffusion approximation for systems subject to fast random resetting by small amplitudes. Equivalently, this describes systems with frequent but small catastrophes. We demonstrate the validity of the approximation by computing…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-26 Tobias Galla

In this article, a discrete analogue of continuous Teissier distribution is presented. Its several important distributional characteristics have been derived. The estimation of the unknown parameter has been done using the method of maximum…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-22 Bhupendra Singh , Varun Agiwal , Ravindra Pratap Singh , Abhishek Tyagi

Let $p$ be an unknown and arbitrary probability distribution over $[0,1)$. We consider the problem of {\em density estimation}, in which a learning algorithm is given i.i.d. draws from $p$ and must (with high probability) output a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-11-04 Siu-On Chan , Ilias Diakonikolas , Rocco A. Servedio , Xiaorui Sun

We examine the extent to which random samplings from the values of a random set, determine the distribution of the random set itself. We also comment on how, given the statistics of the sampling, to detect the distribution. Several methods…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-06-01 Zvi Artstein , Alon Shapira

We analyse correspondence of a text to a simple probabilistic model. The model assumes that the words are selected independently from an infinite dictionary. The probability distribution correspond to the Zipf---Mandelbrot law. We count…

The decision whether a measured distribution complies with an equidistribution is a central element of many biostatistical methods. High throughput differential expression measurements, for instance, necessitate to judge possible…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Thorsten Poeschel , Jan A. Freund

We determine the distributions of lengths of runs in random sequences of elements from a totally ordered set (total order) or partially ordered set (partial order). In particular, we produce novel formulae for the expected value, variance,…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-15 Tanner Reese