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We present improved learning-augmented algorithms for finding an approximate minimum spanning tree (MST) for points in an arbitrary metric space. Our work follows a recent framework called metric forest completion (MFC), where the learned…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Nate Veldt , Thomas Stanley , Benjamin W. Priest , Trevor Steil , Keita Iwabuchi , T. S. Jayram , Grace J. Li , Geoffrey Sanders

We study the problem of privately releasing an approximate minimum spanning tree (MST). Given a graph $G = (V, E, \vec{W})$ where $V$ is a set of $n$ vertices, $E$ is a set of $m$ undirected edges, and $ \vec{W} \in \mathbb{R}^{|E|} $ is an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Rasmus Pagh , Lukas Retschmeier , Hao Wu , Hanwen Zhang

We study the problem of finding small trees. Classical network design problems are considered with the additional constraint that only a specified number $k$ of nodes are required to be connected in the solution. A prototypical example is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-25 R. Ravi , R. Sundaram , Madhav V. Marathe , S. S. Ravi , Daniel J. Rosenkrantz

Due to its broad applications in practice, the minimum spanning tree problem and its all kinds of variations have been studied extensively during the last decades, for which a host of efficient exact and heuristic algorithms have been…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Yang Xu , Lianmin Zhang

In the classical Steiner tree problem, given an undirected, connected graph $G=(V,E)$ with non-negative edge costs and a set of \emph{terminals} $T\subseteq V$, the objective is to find a minimum-cost tree $E' \subseteq E$ that spans the…

The $S$-Steiner tree packing problem provides mathematical foundations for optimizing multi-path information transmission, particularly in designing fault-tolerant parallelized routing architectures for massive-scale network…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Jun Yuan , Shan Liu , Shangwei Lin , Aixia Liu

Finding a minimum spanning tree (MST) for $n$ points in an arbitrary metric space is a fundamental primitive for hierarchical clustering and many other ML tasks, but this takes $\Omega(n^2)$ time to even approximate. We introduce a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Nate Veldt , Thomas Stanley , Benjamin W. Priest , Trevor Steil , Keita Iwabuchi , T. S. Jayram , Geoffrey Sanders

We introduce the concept of Most, and Least, Compact Spanning Trees - denoted respectively by $T^*(G)$ and $T^\#(G)$ - of a simple, connected, undirected and unweighted graph $G(V, E, W)$. For a spanning tree $T(G) \in \mathcal{T}(G)$ to be…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Gyan Ranjan , Nishant Saurabh , Amit Ashutosh

A well-known open problem on the behavior of optimal paths in random graphs in the strong disorder regime, formulated by statistical physicists, and supported by a large amount of numerical evidence over the last decade [31,32,38,70] is as…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-15 Shankar Bhamidi , Sanchayan Sen

Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ and a subset $T \subseteq V$ of terminals, a \emph{Steiner tree} of $G$ is a tree that spans $T$. In the vertex-weighted Steiner tree (VST) problem, each vertex is assigned a non-negative weight, and the goal is to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Faryad Darabi Sahneh , Alon Efrat , Stephen Kobourov , Spencer Krieger , Richard Spence

Invasion bond percolation (IBP) is mapped exactly into Prim's algorithm for finding the shortest spanning tree of a weighted random graph. Exploring this mapping, which is valid for arbitrary dimensions and lattices, we introduce a new IBP…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Albert-László Barabás

Recent theoretical and empirical studies have focused on the structural properties of complex relational networks in social, biological and technological systems. Here we study the basic properties of twenty 1-square-mile samples of street…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-11 Alessio Cardillo , Salvatore Scellato , Vito Latora , Sergio Porta

This paper considers the \textit{minimum spanning tree (MST)} problem in the Congested Clique model and presents an algorithm that runs in $O(\log \log \log n)$ rounds, with high probability. Prior to this, the fastest MST algorithm in this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-12-09 Sriram V. Pemmaraju , Vivek B. Sardeshmukh

Processing graphs with temporal information (the temporal graphs) has become increasingly important in the real world. In this paper, we study efficient solutions to temporal graph applications using new algorithms for Incremental Minimum…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Xiangyun Ding , Yan Gu , Yihan Sun

In this paper, we present a fully-dynamic distributed algorithm for maintaining a minimum spanning tree on general graphs with positive real edge weights. The goal of a dynamic MST algorithm is to update efficiently the minimum spanning…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Pradosh Kumar Mohapatra

Delivery systems have become a core part of urban life, supporting the demand for food, medicine, and other goods. Yet traditional logistics networks remain fragile, often struggling to adapt to road closures, accidents, and shifting…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Md Nahid Hasan , Vishwam Tiwari , Aditya Challa , Vaskar Raychoudhury , Snehanshu Saha

We consider the minimum spanning tree (MST) problem under the restriction that for every vertex v, the edges of the tree that are adjacent to v satisfy a given family of constraints. A famous example thereof is the classical…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-07-28 Rico Zenklusen

We introduce the problem of finding a spanning tree along with a partition of the tree edges into fewest number of feasible sets, where constraints on the edges define feasibility. The motivation comes from wireless networking, where we…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Magnus M. Halldorsson , Guy Kortsarz , Pradipta Mitra , Tigran Tonoyan

A homeomorphically irreducible spanning tree (HIST) is a spanning tree with no degree-2 vertices, serving as a structurally minimal backbone of a graph. While the existence of HISTs has been widely studied from a structural perspective, the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Tesshu Hanaka , Hironori Kiya , Hirotaka Ono

Minimal spanning forests on infinite graphs are weak limits of minimal spanning trees from finite subgraphs. These limits can be taken with free or wired boundary conditions and are denoted FMSF (free minimal spanning forest) and WMSF…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-11-26 Russell Lyons , Yuval Peres , Oded Schramm