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The energetic electromagnetic eruptions observed during the prompt phase of gamma-ray bursts are attributed to synchrotron emissions. The internal shocks moving through the ultrarelativistic jet, which is ejected by an imploding…
We explore the properties of photospheric emission in the context of long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) using three numerical models that combine relativistic hydrodynamical simulations and Monte Carlo radiation transfer calculations in three…
Many-body interactions between quasiparticles (electrons, excitons, and phonons) have led to the emergence of new complex correlated states and are at the core of condensed matter physics and material science. In low-dimensional materials,…
We consider $N$ trapped bosons in the mean-field limit with coupling constant $\lambda_N=1 / (N-1)$. The ground state of such systems exhibits Bose--Einstein condensation. We prove that the probability of finding $\ell$ particles outside…
Several simple models of strongly correlated bosons on three-dimensional lattices have been shown to possess exotic fractionalized Mott insulating phases with a gapless `photon' excitation. In this paper we show how to view the physics of…
In the current density functional theory of linear and nonlinear time-dependent phenomena, the treatment of exchange and correlation beyond the level of the adiabatic local density approximation is shown to lead to the appearance of…
Electron-electron thermalization and electron-phonon relaxation processes in laser-excited solids are often assumed to occur on different timescales. This is true for the majority of the conduction band electrons in a metal. However,…
Detailed comparisons are reported between laboratory observations of electron-scale dissipation layers near a reconnecting X-line and direct two-dimensional full-particle simulations. Many experimental features of the electron layers, such…
Approaching energy coupling in laser-irradiated metals, we point out the role of electron-electron collision as an efficient control factor for ultrafast optical absorption. The high degree of laser-induced electron-ion nonequilibrium…
We briefly report on some results regarding the impact of very short and intense laser pulses on a cold, low-density plasma initially at rest, and the consequent acceleration of plasma electrons to relativistic energies. Locally and for…
Giant strides in ultrashort laser pulse technology have enabled real-time observation of dynamical processes in complex molecular systems. Specifically, the discovery of oscillatory transients in the two-dimensional electronic spectra of…
We formulate the calculation of the ground-state wavefunction and energy of a system of strongly correlated electrons in terms of scattering matrices. A hierarchy of approximations is introduced which results in an incremental expansion of…
Using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy, we identify excitation induced dephasing as a major mechanism responsible for the breaking of the strong-coupling between excitons and photons in a semiconductor microcavity. The effects of…
Infrared spectroscopy has emerged as a premier experimental technique to probe enigmatic effects arising from strong correlations in solids. Here we report on recent advances in this area focusing on common patterns in correlated electron…
In this work, we illustrate the recently introduced concept of the cavity Born-Oppenheimer approximation for correlated electron-nuclear-photon problems in detail. We demonstrate how an expansion in terms of conditional electronic and…
It is observed that the interaction of an intense ultra-short laser pulse with an overdense gas jet results in the pulse collapse and the deposition of a significant part of energy in a small and well localized volume in the rising part of…
It is proposed in this paper that without a measurement, the wave function of a system periodically transits to a bound energy eigenfunction or the complementary wave function that is orthogonal to all the bound energy eigenfunctions.…
In our model the electron dynamics are described by a two-state approximation. This might appear a rough approximation since it neglects coupling through excited electronic states and ionization channels. However at high intensity (laser…
The simultaneous condensation of electronic and structural degrees of freedom gives rise to new states of matter, including superconductivity and charge-density-wave formation. When exciting such a condensed system, it is commonly assumed…
Fast electrons in partially ionized plasmas lose energy through inelastic collisions with bound electrons. While the mean energy loss is well described by stopping-power theory, fluctuations associated with discrete excitation and…