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An analysis of the average-case complexity of solving random 3-Satisfiability (SAT) instances with backtrack algorithms is presented. We first interpret previous rigorous works in a unifying framework based on the statistical physics…
Optimization problems such as the NP-complete 3-SAT provide an important benchmark for the difficult task of finding ground-states in strongly correlated many-body systems with rugged energy landscapes. The study of random 3-SAT problems as…
The analysis of the solving complexity of random 3-SAT instances using the Davis-Putnam-Loveland-Logemann (DPLL) algorithm slightly below threshold is presented. While finding a solution for such instances demands exponential effort with…
The solution-space structure of the 3-Satisfiability Problem (3-SAT) is studied as a function of the control parameter alpha (ratio of number of clauses to the number of variables) using numerical simulations. For this purpose, one has to…
Here we study the NP-complete $K$-SAT problem. Although the worst-case complexity of NP-complete problems is conjectured to be exponential, there exist parametrized random ensembles of problems where solutions can typically be found in…
We describe an extensive study of search in GSAT, an approximation procedure for propositional satisfiability. GSAT performs greedy hill-climbing on the number of satisfied clauses in a truth assignment. Our experiments provide a more…
The structural phase transitions and computational complexity of random 3-SAT instances are traditionally described using thermodynamic analogies from statistical physics, such as Replica Symmetry Breaking and energy landscapes. While…
A major problem in evaluating stochastic local search algorithms for NP-complete problems is the need for a systematic generation of hard test instances having previously known properties of the optimal solutions. On the basis of…
Constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) models many important intractable NP-hard problems such as propositional satisfiability problem (SAT). Algorithms with non-trivial upper bounds on running time for restricted SAT with bounded clause…
The Random Satisfiability problem has been intensively studied for decades. For a number of reasons the focus of this study has mostly been on the model, in which instances are sampled uniformly at random from a set of formulas satisfying…
Propositional satisfiability (SAT) is one of the most fundamental problems in computer science. The worst-case hardness of SAT lies at the core of computational complexity theory. The average-case analysis of SAT has triggered the…
We study the connection between the order of phase transitions in combinatorial problems and the complexity of decision algorithms for such problems. We rigorously show that, for a class of random constraint satisfaction problems, a limited…
We introduce and benchmark a stochastic local search heuristic for the NP-complete satisfiability problem 3-SAT that drastically outperforms existing solvers in the notoriously difficult realm of critically hard instances. Our construction…
We introduce a highly structured family of hard satisfiable 3-SAT formulas corresponding to an ordered spin-glass model from statistical physics. This model has provably "glassy" behavior; that is, it has many local optima with large energy…
DPLL algorithm for solving the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) can be represented in the form of a procedure that, using heuristics $A$ and $B$, select the variable $x$ from the input formula $\varphi$ and the value $b$ and runs…
We consider the random $k$-SAT problem with $n$ variables, $m=m(n)$ clauses, and clause density $\alpha=\lim_{n\to\infty}m/n$ for $k=2,3$. It is known that if $\alpha$ is small enough, then the random $k$-SAT problem admits a solution with…
We study the structure of the solution space and behavior of local search methods on random 3-SAT problems close to the SAT/UNSAT transition. Using the overlap measure of similarity between different solutions found on the same problem…
The problem of identifying the satisfiability threshold of random $3$-SAT formulas has received a lot of attention during the last decades and has inspired the study of other threshold phenomena in random combinatorial structures. The…
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for tasks that implicitly reduce to Boolean satisfiability (SAT), yet their reasoning ability on SAT remains unclear. We present a systematic study of LLMs on 2-SAT and 3-SAT, together with…
Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problems are critical in fields such as artificial intelligence and cryptography, where efficient solutions are essential. Conventional probabilistic solvers often encounter scalability issues due to complex…